The Polarity between Eternity and Evolution in Human Life
GA 184
15 September 1918, Dornach
Translated by Paul Breslaw
Those who study the soul-spiritual1Dr Steiner uses the adjectives geistig-seelisch and seelisch-leiblich on many occasions throughout this lecture. We have chosen to translate them respectively as soul-spiritual and soul-bodily. life of mankind cannot make use of many of the concepts which are commonplace in every-day life and in our current way of thinking. One such idea which cannot be used is that of evolution or development – the idea that one thing, or better said one condition, arises from another. Now I don’t want to be misunderstood, so I should make it quite clear that I do not mean the concept of evolution is useless. Yesterday, for example, we made extensive use of it, when we needed the idea of evolution to speak about how soul-bodily life proceeds between birth and death. But we need quite different concepts if we want to talk about what soul-spiritual life really is.
As you know, our experience of soul-spiritual life within outer sensory reality takes place in thinking, feeling and willing. To understand what is really happening soul-spiritually within the processes of thinking, feeling and willing, we must bear in mind the following: –
If someone feels something and the feeling comes to expression via thinking, or if someone perceives something in the outer world and what is perceived comes to expression via thinking, or if someone does something so that the will is translated into action – in other words whenever someone lives in the soul-spiritual – then this must always be considered as relationships taking place between spiritual beings. Whenever we want to describe the soul-spiritual world within which the human soul exists, then we really can’t avoid speaking about these relationships between spiritual beings.
Suppose that the human being were more of a thinking type, although in reality it is never the case that the activities of thinking, feeling and willing are completely separate. While one is thinking and forming thoughts, the will is at work within the process of thinking, because one actually performs the thinking. And while one is doing something, performing some action, the will is also at work, executing the ‘what-is-wanted’. When we think or contemplate, we do a little more thinking and less willing, and when we act or surrender ourselves to some feeling, we do more willing and less thinking.
But so far everything that I have touched upon is in fact only an outer characteristic of the matter. To grasp the reality of these things we must speak about them quite differently. For example, I might perceive something in the outer world which prompts me to form mental images of it; I don’t do anything, but confine my will to direct my senses towards the outer world so that I can perceive and string thoughts together. I am therefore contemplating, actively perceiving. In reality this means that I shift myself into a spiritual region where ahrimanically inclined beings have the upper hand. Pictorially speaking, in a certain sense I stick my head into a region where ahrimanic beings rule. While on the face of it I say “I am contemplating something”, in reality I should say “I am busy in a spiritual region where certain beings have the upper hand, somewhat subduing other beings, and hold the balance which tends towards the ahrimanic.”
When we describe things this way, at first it all seems rather vague and indefinite, because they take place in the spiritual realm, and our language is made for sensory reality. One can however express them pictorially by removing the human being somewhat from the process and moving it more into the cosmos. For this reason a situation which could be characterised externally by saying “Something stimulates me and I ponder upon it”, would be expressed pictorially by initiation knowledge in something like the following way: –
The human being lives in and orients himself within the cosmos. As I have shown in the last few days, this is like a compass needle that points, cosmically speaking, north-south, its orientation not determined from within, but by the cosmos. This orientation varies so that it can follow the zodiac, alternating amongst Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. (See Figure). There is also at first a fundamental state, taking this orientation of the zodiac as a basis, in which the human being points upwards according to his head-nature and downwards according to his limb-nature. All this can then be viewed as a kind of balance beam which separates what is above from what is below.

Now what becomes of this human cosmic orientation if we were to look at someone who is neither thinking nor acting – I hope you are not doing this – someone who is casually given over to the feeling of being lulled by life, half asleep and half awake, neither active nor passive? Actually rather a lot happens to him, only he doesn’t notice it. And if we want to picture this condition – as I said, one that I hope you are not in right now – then we would say that the balance beam rested horizontally.
But if we want to describe a state of mind which I hope you are now in – contemplative, stimulated and absorbing what I’m talking about – then we must picture the balance beam differently. We would say that all the souls sitting here – or at least some of the souls sitting here – are shifted into a region where certain spiritual beings raise one side of the balance beam. In the physical world, when a beam moves because of an imbalance, we say that it drops, but in the spiritual world we say that the beam rises. When someone is in a state of contemplation, he shifts to a different spiritual region, and ahrimanic beings there raise the beam away from Libra and towards Virgo (see ‘blue’ in Figure).
So when someone is contemplating, it means that he takes advantage of his situation as a human being in the entire cosmos, exploiting those forces within which he oscillates, in order to shift into a spiritual region where a condition of balance once again holds sway. You start to contemplate, and while you are actively doing this, your spiritual space – if I can call it that – shifts to a region where a battle takes place, and then subsides. The beings here on the left fight against the beings on the right, and vice versa. But once you have achieved a state of contemplation, the battle is over, and peace is restored. This peace signifies that certain ahrimanically oriented beings have the upper hand, like when a tilted balance beam comes to rest, no longer oscillating because something is pulling at it. That would be the reality corresponding to contemplation, to thinking actively.
In normal sensory existence, what we call thinking is only maya, an illusion. You have to describe cosmically what thinking really is, asking about the person’s whole situation within the cosmos. And the answer you get about the person’s cosmic situation reveals both what certain spiritual beings are doing and what contemplative thinking is. So you see that it is basically an illusion if we describe thinking as we do in normal life, because in reality we find ourselves in a certain region in which thoughts take place in our ‘thinking space’ through the fact that certain ahrimanically inclined beings have tilted the balance beam to one side. That is what really happens.
Consider another event in human soul-spiritual life; we do something, not charging aimlessly around, but acting intentionally, an action filled with thought. How this is described in ordinary life is also a mere illusion, because when we are acting, we again shift into a specific cosmic region. But in this region there are certain luciferically inclined beings who raise the balance beam from its state of rest in the other direction, which we can picture with this arrow (see ‘red’ in Figure). So when we are acting intentionally, really willing our deeds, we are oriented in a region of the cosmos where the balance beam is held by certain luciferic beings. Now the state of rest is gone because we have shifted to a region where these luciferic beings begin to make the balance beam tremble, and we are transported into a kind of battle that takes place in the cosmos. Within our will the luciferic beings begin to fight against the ahrimanic beings, and this volatile situation expresses itself as the rocking of the balance beam. So what is called will in everyday language is also only maya, and is correctly described by saying that when we will something we are in a region where luciferic beings have raised the balance beam. We find exactly the region where the state of rest begins to change into rhythmical movement, and raising the beam takes place without our involvement.
I have mentioned in the first of my mystery dramas – of course in dramatic form – that when we think or feel soul-spiritually, we should not have the idea that this only happens within us, because cosmic forces are also set in motion. This was expressed pictorially in a scene in which Capesius and Strader do something, and at the same time great cosmic events take place. They do not happen in the sensory world but in the super-sensible, so one can only make them perceivable in the sensory world in the way it is done in the drama. All the same, it is quite clearly expressed in the play that human action as we normally describe it, is only a reflection of reality, and when one thinks or wills the slightest thing in one’s soul, significant events happen in the cosmos. We can never think or will something without shifting ourselves into regions where spiritual battles are taking place, or spiritual battles are subsiding, or spiritual battles have already been fought and we move into the outcome of these struggles, and so on.
What I have just described to you is present in the human soul-spiritual being, only it is hidden in the life we lead between birth and death; but it is the truth in the spiritual world. Recently I have spoken in other contexts about how modern man, behaving intellectually as is the custom today, really lives in hallucinations. Basically, the ideas we form about thinking, feeling and willing are hallucinations, and the reality that lies behind them is what we can illustrate pictorially in the way I have just done.
So what we have just described lies behind our soul-spiritual events, and reveals itself to us as a reflection, appearing as thinking, feeling and willing. And as soon as we consider the human being as he really is soul-spiritually, the concept of development, of evolution, becomes inapplicable.
For example, it would be complete nonsense to say that the human being becomes reasonable at a certain age, prior to which he is given over to a raging will, and that the one develops from the other. In spiritual regions nothing develops in this way; we can only say of the child that he thinks, feels and wills differently from an old man; that the child is shifted into a different spiritual region where the battles between the various beings take place in other ways. In spiritual regions, development, as we described it yesterday, does not take place. There we understand the past as a picture of battles, of relationships, of the changing circumstances of the spiritual beings that we look for behind the higher hierarchies. When we speak about the present there is a different picture of the interplay of the hierarchies, and there is yet another picture when we talk about the future. As we regard the past, present and future, so accordingly do we see different pictures in the relationships between the various beings of the hierarchies. And it would be absurd to suggest that the picture of the future battles develops out the picture of the past battles. These things belonging to the region of the spirit are in a certain relationship of juxtaposition, not one after the other. For this reason we cannot speak of development, only of spiritual perspective, as I have already told you in respect of other matters. What we can say is that when we consider the human being as a soul-spiritual being, then it makes no sense to speak of him first as a child who goes through the change of teeth, then puberty, and so on. So what appears as evolution, as development, in the region of the soul-bodily, cannot be spoken of as evolution when it is to do with the soul-spiritual. Instead it should be understood as transition from one picture to another within the changing relationships of the beings of the higher hierarchies.
If you fail to bring into consideration the connections between what I explained yesterday and today then you will never really understand the relationship between the temporal and the eternal.
I have already explained how the human being, as a soul-bodily being, is placed in temporal development in such a way that he needs to become an old man before he can first begin to understand what happened to him as a child. This has everything to do with the concept of evolution. But as a soul-spiritual being, we must recognize that the human being is not placed within evolution, that the concept of time as we know it in outer sensory life is totally inapplicable there, and that we make a mistake when we speak of the human soul-spiritual being and bring time into the sphere of the higher hierarchies. There, everything is eternal and things do not happen in time, only in perspectives within which we see battles and changing relationships. The concept of time is inapplicable to the changing relationships in the higher hierarchies, and if we do use it, then we are only using it to make an illustration of the essential being of these hierarchies. Hence you can follow in my Outline of Occult Science how carefully I suggest that what appears to be temporal must be presented in picture form. For example, where I speak about the stages of Old Saturn and Old Sun, I draw attention very clearly to the fact that the concept of time is only used pictorially to describe what preceded the Old Sun period and even into the first half of the Old Sun period itself. You can check all this in Occult Science where these apparently minor details in my book about spiritual science are of tremendous importance, because precisely in these details lies the basis for an understanding of the difference between what is temporal transitoriness and what endures eternally.
If you think about what I have just said, then you will see that yesterday I tried to describe the being of man purely in time. The concept of time played a really major role there, because it depends on time whether someone has gained a certain understanding by living through to old age, or not if he is still in childhood. Yesterday when we described what forms the basis of the soul-bodily being of mankind in the light of the spirit, it was based firmly on the concept of time. Today I have described what forms the basis of the soul-spiritual being which can only be portrayed by describing it in the sphere of eternity, in which – and this is rather difficult – the concept of time is completely inapplicable.
In this respect our being is indeed split in two, and insofar as we do develop through our lives, we do so on the one hand, by waiting calmly and patiently until we are mature enough in soul and body to understand something, while on the other hand we remain without development in the sphere of eternity, where to a certain extent we gaze simultaneously at our childhood in one region, and at our dotage in another. Here on earth, mankind lives in such a way that what happens in the sphere of eternity rays down into what happens in the temporal sphere, and vice versa, both being mixed up with each other.
The task of initiation wisdom is to separate what is mixed up, because only by being held apart can it be understood. Initiation wisdom has always called what is in the sphere of eternity – Above, and what is in the sphere of transitoriness – Below. But as the human being lives here on earth, he views a mixture of Above and Below, and can never come to an understanding of his own being when he sees it mixed up in this way. He can only understand himself when he understands how to separate what is mixed up.
So you can appreciate why the point of view that ordinary life provides makes it impossible to grasp in normal consciousness how things are the way I described them yesterday and today. Someone basing things on normal consciousness might say: “Yesterday, you outlined something about mankind that we can’t see, that isn’t reality at all, because people don’t develop the way you described; there are many people who are quite mature in their youth”, and so on. But this is an objection based on a deception, since reality is as I described it, and people today slip into dualism because they do not see what is Below as mobile and fluid in the way I presented it yesterday. The normal view is to look at a person as he stands before us, while the initiate considers the course of events that take place between birth and death and sees the human being in flux, taking the rigidity of what is Below and bringing it into flowing movement.
On the other hand, when an initiate considers the fluidity of thinking, feeling and willing, he brings this movement to a halt, and what is bound to the physical body apparently happening in time, he views in the sphere of eternity, the region of spiritual juxtaposition.
People strive towards initiation wisdom, and openly admit that the perceivable environment is maya, a great deception, an illusion. But when it gets serious, then they don’t accept it, and would rather describe the region Above with the same idea of maya that they use for the region Below. One should make beautiful schematic drawings based on the ideas of maya, and move about the spiritual world with them, up or down, above or below consciousness. People say to me: “Yes, but you’re not describing things so that I can understand”. But behind this lies “You challenge me with ideas and thoughts that are different from the ones in maya; you challenge me to come to grips with ideas which are in the sphere of reality.”
As another objection, someone might say: “Yes, but in the end, what concerns me in all this is what happens here below! If we just use the concept of time seriously in relation to human development, or we gaze out from life into the sphere of eternity, then one can get by quite well, thank you very much”. You could say this if you remained in maya, and if you formed concepts from what is all mixed up; and yes, you can survive, you can of course continue to live albeit asleep by remaining only in the sphere of eternity.
But here my first point is this. If you form concepts like these, which are sharp and which can stand up to modern scholarship, then you can just about live with them, but really only just live. What you cannot do with concepts like these is die. Nobody can die with concepts like these. And as soon as one touches upon this mystery, the full import of spiritual scientific knowledge begins to dawn on one, because concepts which are formed without initiation knowledge lead after death into an unlawful ahrimanic region. And if you spurn forming concepts like those in initiation wisdom, then after death you will not arrive in the region of humanity to which you are really predestined.
In former times higher spiritual beings taught those people with an atavistic clairvoyant predisposition the concepts of initiation in supersensible ways. In those days, and essentially up until the year 333 after the Mystery of Golgotha, there was a kind of supersensible instruction available to people, which made them not only fit for life, but also fit for death. However, since that time the human being has had to prepare his soul, through his own effort here on earth, with concepts so that he can cross the threshold of death in the right way.
For initiation wisdom there is nothing more frivolous than the comment: “Well, we can wait until we enter the region after death, then we’ll see what’s there”. The answer to this is: “Whoever waits, sins against life”, because you would be utterly terrified if, per impossibile, an initiate showed you what deformed creatures you would be if, throughout your life between death and rebirth, you had had the same attitude and said: “I’ll wait until I’m born on earth to see what kind of being is clothed with flesh and blood”. There, higher beings take care of you, and because of their benevolent influence, you cannot avoid preparing for yourself those forces which before your birth protect you from becoming a misbegotten creature. And those beings that teach us say: “This spiritual life between death and new birth is not merely here for our region, it is also here in order for the region Below to be lawfully prepared so that finely formed people can come into being there, and not mis¬begotten creatures.”
Likewise life here on earth is not simply for the earth, but is here so that a person can die in the correct human way. And by adopting concepts from the higher region the human being can prepare his lower nature for this so that he does not enter an inappropriate ahrimanic region. There are of course appropriate ahrimanic regions, but those that are not in accordance with one’s humanity would be inappropriate.
That is the first point. The second point is this. If you disregard the sphere of eternity, you can just about survive as an individual person – although in reality nobody can live in isolation – but you would not be able to live within the human social order which is led and directed by beings of the higher hierarchies. When you enter into even the most trivial relationship with another person – and our whole life consists of inter-personal relationships – and if what streams into this relationship does not flow from a consciousness of what lies in the spiritual sphere of eternity, then you ruin social integrity, and you contribute to catastrophic manifestations of destruction on the planet. In addition, any social or political point of view that does not stem from the spirit, will also work in this destructive way. Only a point of view that reckons with the sphere of eternity, that is alive to what is becoming, can be effective in political, social, and especially in inter-personal life. This is the great serious truth which must increasingly confront humanity through initiation wisdom. And the signs of the times confirm this, that those days up to 333AD are long past, when higher beings supersensibly taught a humanity that did not need to participate consciously, because it could be educated mostly in sleep or in dimmed consciousness. But today people can only receive what they need so much by experiencing it person to person within humanity itself. People must simply put aside that arrogance which lets them say they can always form their own opinions. In the sphere of transitoriness we should recognise that the old have something to say to the young which only the old can tell them. If we understand this, then why should we not also understand that there is an initiation wisdom which we take in inter-personally? This is a kind of leaven of the social life which must develop in the future, so that at any moment – we are speaking of the sphere of time here – if someone cannot recognise what he needs, then he will receive it from others.
Yesterday I told you that our individual development in time makes it unnecessary for us to accept things merely by believing in authority; instead when we form an idea we can have it as a kind of conviction that flows from one’s own inner being. I have emphasized in a number of my books that belief in authority has no place in spiritual science. But it also needs to be clearly understood by all who are really grounded in spiritual science that someone cannot be initiated at any time of life simply by blowing his own trumpet and following his own convictions as is the fashion today. If that were the case people could draw up all manner of programmes that they believed in, that could rule the world, but which could never deliver the kind of wisdom that really flows into the life and workings of the world which increasingly need initiation knowledge.
In past times initiation was a kind of thinking that was given to humanity. But in the future people must use their own willpower to turn towards what comes into the world through initiation, even though this counters many subconscious desires. It is very difficult for people to find the right way to summon up the required degree of seriousness to engage with everything that I have been talking about.
It is becoming really hard to tell modern human beings how much goodwill they must have, because they often think that this goodwill is actually rather heartless. Whoever correctly penetrates the meaning of spiritual science knows that as we move towards the future, there is no alternative to the study of initiation wisdom for forming the soul substance that enables us to pass through the gate of death in the right manner, and which also allows us to stand properly within the social life of humanity. One can live into this, but then comes the contradictory thought: “Here’s someone in whose life there are people whom he loves for one reason or another, but they do not want to know anything about this great requirement of our time to turn towards the spiritual life. When he wishes that these people should also attain salvation, it seems to him heartless if the whole truth is spelled out”.
But whoever really has goodwill towards these things knows that it is not goodwill at all to close one’s eyes and say: “Oh well, although they don’t want to know anything about the spiritual life, they can attain salvation anyway”. Instead one should say: “Every effort should be made to bring the spiritual life to the earth”. It is not about giving in to the thought which is so closely connected with our own wishes for dealing with those who don’t want to know anything about spiritual life. Rather we should positively strive towards dedicating ourselves with goodwill to the spiritual life, attempting to bring it into the world so that people can be – if I might use the expression – brought to blessedness.
Behind what is often called a loving attitude, lies hidden not only superficiality, but also a misjudgment of the whole situation. Today if someone speaks out of initiation wisdom, he does so not to teach people theoretical knowledge, but with a warm heart, out of love of humanity, because he knows how much the signs of the times indicate that the next great task is to bring spiritual life to the soul, and to incorporate it into human life so that the spirit draws near to the soul. But it is also necessary to courageously face up to the challenge of humanity’s development in time. The views from Above and from Below which must be brought into the open today and clearly understood, if at all possible also need to be incorporated in the human soul.
If life is looked at as it is today – in a prejudiced and illusionary way – then one is not speaking about the whole of life but only about a tiny part of it. I tested this in the following way. I know the various biographies of Goethe, which provide information about many of the things that Goethe did, what he was motivated by, considered, and thought about, between his birth and his death. But as soon as Goethe’s soul passed through the gate of death, what is described in these biographies with their illusionary point of view, has not the slightest significance for the region which the soul enters after death, and constitutes another mixing up of the sphere of eternity with the sphere of transitoriness. It is indeed transitory when, through a new birth, the human being again steps into existence,
Everything that is recorded about life between birth and death in an illusionary biography based on an illusionary world view is of no use for the sphere which one enters through the gate of death. What matters is only the question: “How has the soul spoken to the cosmos?” Whatever somebody said to his neighbour, even if it was the most beautiful thing on earth, if it did not flow from spiritual knowledge, then it was not spoken to the cosmos.
However, what Goethe lived through was spoken to the cosmos, when one considers his life described in seven-year periods. How Goethe changed from one seven year period to the next! How remarkable was that great change in his life which happened at the end of a seven-year period when he went to Italy, or at least decided to go there! Whatever happens from one seven-year period to the next, beneath the sphere which forms normal biographies, this is what speaks to the cosmos; and something can be done with this once the human soul has passed through the gate of death. What Goethe said that was influenced by beings of the sphere of eternity, described as I have been doing today, this too has a connection to the sphere that one enters after death. Picture to yourselves Goethe’s life from the point of view of yesterday’s consideration of successive seven-year periods – what he felt when he wrote maxims above particular chapters of his works, such as “What youth desires, age receives in abundance”. Looking at Goethe’s life from the point of view of transitoriness, of evolution, if you run across words like these used as a motto above that one chapter, and you meet these words with knowledge of spiritual science, then to a certain extent you will have encountered the eternal Goethe. And if again with a spiritual scientific attitude, you come across something that Goethe said, resounding with what flows from the sphere of eternity where the hierarchies have their interplay, there too is the eternal Goethe. By accepting initiation wisdom, the task that accrues to humanity from now onwards is to get to know not just what is temporal in the world but also what is eternal; this can only be learned by turning to spiritual science. What in former times was freely offered, must be seen by modern humanity in the light of what approaches us from modern initiation wisdom.
Within the Catholic church today there is something that acts like a red rag to a certain kind of being. When the type of Catholic, who these days might often consider himself to be true-blue, chooses some world-view to twit, it is the doctrine of emanation. Any interpretation of the universe based on emanation is condemned – perhaps for himself personally a little less so – but certainly for those faithful little lambs to whom he is speaking or writing. All that’s needed is to be able to attach the description ‘emanating’ to any philosophy! According to dyed-in-the-wool Catholics, the doctrine of emanation is opposed to creationism, the philosophy of creation out of nothing. So here we have, in a kind of dualistic way, on one side the philosophy of emanation acting like a red rag, and on the other side creationism, the philosophy of creation from nothing. Creationism is accepted and the philosophy of emanation is rejected.
Now the doctrine of emanation became known in Western culture indirectly through the Gnosis. However, the manner in which it became known in the West – the underlying literature has been largely destroyed – means that the doctrine of emanation has become distorted, because within Catholicism only its distortion is known, which gives rise to great misunderstanding. Because what one knows as the doctrine of emanation – the outcome of one eon from another, where the less perfect always stems from the more perfect, which is usually described exoterically as the Gnosis – is in fact already a distortion. It points back to a completely different world view, particularly to ancient times when it was possible for spiritual teachers to instruct mankind directly out of the supersensible. The doctrine of emanation – although a corruption – points back to a wisdom that in its old form referred to the sphere of eternity, to what is Above. As such, one can to a certain extent defend emanation, not in the corrupt form that we know, but in the form where only a perspective within time is described and not from the point of view of true evolution. But if it cannot speak about real evolution, then neither can it speak about creation from nothing, because that too is a kind of evolution, albeit an extreme case. The idea that something stems from something else – as we have discussed today – is inappropriate for describing the sphere of eternity which consists of interrelationships between spiritual beings.
However, if we turn again to the sphere of transitoriness, then we can indeed speak about evolution, even about this extreme case, which basically has been implicit in much of what I have been speaking about these past few days. For when we say that present-day ideals are the seed of the future, and that present-day realities are the fruit of the past, isn’t that a continuous coming into being from what does not exist in the world? Rightly understood, this leads us to true, uncorrupted, creationism. The demand that goes out to humanity today is this: To understand in the correct light what was meant by the doctrine of emanation, and to apply it to the soul- spiritual world; and to rightly understand what is meant by true, uncorrupted, creationism, applying it, not to the creator, but to the created, to the soul-bodily. The salvation and resolution of this philosophy lies not in the nebulous confusion of dualism, but in recognising the duality and seeing through it, and by viewing correctly the spheres of eternity and of transitoriness, and being able to separate them. Then we will be able to say that in beholding reality as it exists before us, we see both a reflection and at the same time an effect; a reflection because it belongs to the sphere of transitoriness and is ruled by evolution, and an effect because it belongs to the sphere of eternity and is ruled by what we acquire when we comprehend the soul-spiritual life as described today. It is not correct to say that creationism is right and emanation is wrong, nor that emanation is right and creationism wrong, but that both are necessary factors for a true understanding of the totality of life. Overcoming dualism cannot be brought about theoretically, only by life itself. If you seek a resolution of what is Above with what is Below, of the sphere of transitoriness with the sphere of eternity, and look for it theoretically in concepts, thoughts, and ideas, then you will never manage it, you will arrive at a confused philosophy, because you would be seeking with the intellect what should really be sought in life itself.
In life one can look for the truth only when one knows that one has to set one’s gaze both in the sphere of eternity, to recognise there what does not otherwise appear in outer reality, and then to consider all human and other beings in the sphere of transitoriness, in a way that actually contradicts outer reality. Armed with both of these, when one comes upon something real, it begins to flow as one experiences reality as alive, as living seeing, arising from the combination of effect in the sphere of eternity and reflection in the sphere of transitoriness. This is the way to grasp reality, if one does not want to hold a theoretical worldview that only lives in concepts and ideas. One can grasp it if one is willing to adopt two worldviews, one for the realm of the soul-spiritual and the other for the realm of the soul-bodily, and in the living interplay of the two, not in a theory, one will have something that nourishes and stimulates life. Only in this way can we escape from dualism.
This is the challenge that faces humanity today. It has nothing to do with founders of religions appearing and teaching humanity about spiritualism; nor does it depend on founders of learned sects appearing and teaching humanity about materialism. But it does depend on us viewing matter as the material of evolution, that spirit is not matter and should be understood spiritually in the sphere of eternity, and that reality should be viewed as both of these. What must flow into a future world view is matter illuminated by the spirit, and the spirit substantiated by matter. It does not depend on philosophers appearing who offer mankind definitions of truth, or who offer definitions that in theory create a so-called monadic consistency, as the academics teach. But it does depend on recognising the duality between truth and knowledge, and actively looking for the relationship between these two in life itself, leading to a living epistemology, not a theoretical one.
It is not truth or knowledge, but truth and knowledge – knowledge borne by the significance of truth, itself illuminated by the light of knowledge – recognising the human being himself as a duality in the world who, in his life and in his becoming, can only surmount what as duality must be surmounted. The future task of humanity is not Kantianism which believes that appearances in the outer world are not the ‘thing-in-itself’, but should be to achieve truth and knowledge in the intellectual sphere too; and that means recognising that what surrounds us is indeed maya; but it is maya because of the way we are placed in the world, and as long as we appear this way, we are a duality. We create maya by our being placed in this way, and we overcome it, not in some idea or theory, but in life itself by bringing our own selves to life.
This is of course contained in my booklet Truth and Knowledge. It also appears in my book The Philosophy of Freedom, which in a few days’ time will appear in a new edition that you can get here. I have made some additions to it, not altering the original text, but considerably enlarging many of the notes.
In conclusion therefore, what is important is to understand the signs of the times, and from them to nurture the spiritual life in the various areas of human endeavour.
Sechster Vortrag
Wer das geistig-seelische Leben des Menschen betrachtet, kann mancherlei Vorstellungen nicht brauchen, die insbesondere im gegenwärtigen Leben und in den gegenwärtigen Anschauungen gang und gäbe sind. Eine solche Vorstellung, die nicht brauchbar ist, wenn es sich um das geistig-seelische Leben des Menschen handelt, ist zum Beispiel die Vorstellung vom Entwickeln, die Vorstellung, daß eins aus dem andern, oder ein Zustand aus dem andern, besser gesagt, hervorgehe. Um nicht mißverstanden zu werden, betone ich ausdrücklich, daß ich nicht etwa nun etwas sagen will über die Unbrauchbarkeit einer solchen Vorstellung wie die der Entwickelung. Wir haben gestern zum Beispiel in ausgiebiger Weise von der Vorstellung der Entwickelung Gebrauch gemacht; aber wenn man von dem seelisch-geistigen — nicht von dem seelisch-leiblichen - Leben des Menschen spricht, dann kann man die Vorstellung der Entwickelung nicht brauchen. Wir haben gestern über das seelisch-leibliche Leben gesprochen, wie es verläuft zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode; da brauchten wir die Vorstellung der Entwickelung. Anders liegt die Sache, wenn man von dem geistig-seelischen Leben des Menschen spricht. Da kommen, wenn man wirklichkeitsgemäß spricht, andere Begriffe, andere Ideen in Frage, als zum Beispiel die Idee der Entwickelung.
Das geistig-seelische Leben des Menschen, so wie man es innerhalb der äußeren sinnenfälligen Wirklichkeit kennt, verläuft ja, wie wir wissen, in Denken, Fühlen und Wollen. Nun, wenn man den geistig-seelischen Verlauf des Lebens nach Denken, Fühlen und Wollen wirklichkeitsgemäß verstehen will, dann muß man auf folgendes Rücksicht nehmen. Indem der Mensch im Denken, Fühlen und Wollen lebt, also indem er irgend etwas fühlt und das Gefühlte durch Gedanken zum Ausdruck kommt, oder auch indem er etwas von der äußeren Welt wahrnimmt, das Wahrgenommene dann in Gedanken zum Ausdruck kommt, oder indem der Mensch handelt, seinen Willen also in die Tat umsetzt, kurz, indem er geistig-seelisch sein Leben verlebt, kommen immer Verhältnisse in Betracht, die sich abspielen zwischen geistigen Wesenheiten. Man darf, wenn man das Geistig-Seelische, in dem der Mensch drinnensteht mit seiner Seele, schildern will, nicht davor zurückschrecken, von den Beziehungen zu reden, die zwischen den geistig-seelischen Wesenheiten stattfinden.
Nehmen wir zum Beispiel an, der Mensch sei mehr denkend. Nun, ganz getrennt sind in der Wirklichkeit niemals die Tätigkeiten Denken, Fühlen und Wollen. Wenn man denkend ist und sich also Gedanken bildet, so waltet schon der Wille, indem man denkt; in dem Prozeß, in dem Vorgang des Denkens waltet der Wille drinnen. Und auch indem man etwas will, indem man etwas ausführt, waltet in dem Gewollten, in dem Ausgeführten der Gedanke darin. Es ist so, daß der Mensch bald mehr denkend ist und weniger wollend, wenn er denkt, wenn er sinnt; daß er mehr wollend ist und weniger denkend, wenn er handelt, oder auch wenn er sich irgendeinem Gefühlserlebnis hingibt. Aber all das, was wir so besprechen, wie ich es jetzt eben getan habe, ist ja nur eine ganz äußerliche Charakteristik der Sache. Will man die Wirklichkeit treffen über diese Dinge, die wir gerade berühren, so muß man ganz, ganz anders sprechen. Da muß man zum Beispiel sein Augenmerk darauf richten: Ich nehme irgend etwas in der Außenwelt wahr; das regt mich an, mir Vorstellungen darüber zu bilden. Ich handele nicht; mein Wollen beschränkt sich auch darauf, meine Körperlichkeit auf die äußere Welt zu richten und die Welt wahrzunehmen, Gedanken aneinanderzureihen. Also ich bin mehr sinnend, wahrnehmend betätigt, das heißt aber in Wirklichkeit: ich versetze mich in eine geistige Region, in welcher gewisse geistige Wesenheiten, die mehr hinneigen zur ahrimanischen Natur, die Oberhand haben. Gewissermaßen stecke ich meinen Kopf, bildlich gesprochen, in eine Region hinein, in welcher Wesenheiten, die mehr ahrimanischer Natur sind, die Oberhand haben. Statt also zu sagen, was nur dem Scheine entspricht: Ich sinne über etwas nach -, müßte ich der Wirklichkeit gemäß sagen: Ich betätige mich in einer geistigen Region, in welcher über andere geistige Wesen, gewissermaßen sie dämpfend, Wesenheiten die Oberhand haben und in diesem Oberhand-Haben ihnen die Waage halten, welche mehr zur ahrimanischen Natur hinneigen.
Solch eine Sache, wenn man sie ausspricht, macht zunächst einen vagen, einen unbestimmten Eindruck. Aber man kann diese Dinge nicht anders aussprechen als vage, denn sie verlaufen eben in der Region des Geistigen, und unsere Sprache ist für das Sinnenfällig-Wirkliche gebildet. Man kann aber solche Dinge bildhaft zum Ausdruck bringen, indem man gewissermaßen den Vorgang aus dem Menschen herausnimmt und ihn mehr ins Kosmische rückt. Deshalb wird die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten die Tatsache, die man äußerlich dadurch charakterisiert, daß man sagt: Ich sinne über etwas nach, was mich angeregt hat -, bildhaft ausdrücken etwa in der folgenden Weise:

Der Mensch lebt - so wie ich es dargestellt habe in diesen Tagen im Bilde der Magnetnadel, die kosmisch nach Norden und Süden weist, also nicht ihre Richtung von innen heraus bestimmt — kosmisch im Kosmos drinnen, und er ist im Kosmos orientiert. Er lebt so, daß wir in einer gewissen Weise seine Orientierung ins Auge fassen, wenn wir sagen: Er ist kosmisch so orientiert, daß, gewissermaßen wechselnd und pendelnd, seine Orientierungsrichtungen nach den Tierkreiszeichen gehen können (siehe Zeichnung, Tierkreis). Er ist wechselnd orientiert nach Widder, Stier, Zwillingen, Krebs, Löwe, Jungfrau, Waage, Skorpion, Schütze, Steinbock, Wassermann, Fische. Er ist aber auch so orientiert, daß zunächst eine hauptsächliche Zuordnung stattfindet, daß er mit dem, was seine Hauptesnatur betrifft, wenn man diese Orientierung des Tierkreises zugrunde legt, nach oben, mit dem, was seine Extremitätennatur betrifft, nach unten orientiert ist. Deshalb kann man sagen: Es besteht schon etwas in dieser Orientierung wie ein Waagebalken, der das Obere von dem Unteren trennt (siehe Zeichnung). Und was würde die kosmische Orientierung des Menschen — wenn wir ihn so betrachten würden, wie ich Sie jetzt mir nicht wünsche -, wenn wir ihn so betrachten würden, daß er weder denkt noch handelt, sondern einfach lässig sich dem allgemeinen Lebensgefühl überläßt, halb schläft und halb wach ist, wenn er weder passiv noch aktiv, sondern passiv-aktiv ist, wenn er so hinlullt im Leben: Da geht natürlich in ihm auch sehr viel vor, nur merkt er nichts davon. Aber wenn wir diesen Zustand charakterisieren wollten - wie gesagt, in welchem ich Sie in diesem Augenblicke nicht wünsche -, dann würden wir sagen, der Waagebalken liegt horizontal (siehe Zeichnung). - Wollten wir aber den Menschen so charakterisieren, daß er in einem Zustand der Seelenverfassung ist, wie ich Sie jetzt mir zum Beispiel wünschen möchte: Sinnend, angeregt und aufnehmend dasjenige, wovon eben die Rede ist, dann müßte man den Waagebalken anders zeichnen, dann müßte man sagen: Alle die Seelen, die hier sitzen, oder wenigstens eine Anzahl von Seelen, die hier sitzen, die versetzen sich in eine Region, wo gewisse Wesenheiten den Waagebalken auf der einen Seite heben. - Im physischen Leben würde man, wenn die Waage in Tätigkeit tritt durch irgendein Übergewicht, sagen: der Waagebalken senkt sich. Wir reden aber jetzt vom Geistigen; da muß man sagen: der Waagebalken hebt sich. Es werden also gewisse Wesenheiten, wenn der Mensch im «Sinnen» ist, in der Region, in die er sich dann versetzt, den Waagebalken heben in der Richtung von der Waage zur Jungfrau hin (siehe Zeichnung, blau); so daß ich dann den Waagebalken so zeichnen muß, daß gewisse Wesenheiten, die zur ahrimanischen Natur neigen, den Waagebalken so heraufheben: Es würde das also der Mensch im Sinnen sein (siehe Zeichnung, Pfeil, blau, Waagebalken von Jungfrau zu Fischen). Man kann also fragen: Was bedeutet es, wenn der Mensch im Sinnen ist? Das bedeutet, daß er seine Lage als Mensch im ganzen Kosmos drinnen so ausnützt, daß er die Kräfte, in denen er schwingt, ausnützt, um in eine kosmische Region hineinzukommen, in welcher dieser Gleichgewichtszustand herrscht. Also Sie denken sich im Sinnen; und indem Sie sich im Sinnen denken, müssen Sie sich denken, daß Ihr - wenn ich jetzt so sagen darf - geistiger Raum, in den Sie sich dann versetzen, drinnensteht in einer Region, wo ein zur Ruhe gekommener Kampf stattfindet: Die Wesenheiten hier links würden die Wesenheiten rechts, und umgekehrt, bekämpfen. Aber indem Sie im Sinnen sind, ist der Kampf nicht da, sondern er ist zur Ruhe gekommen. Doch die Ruhe bedeutet, daß gewisse zur ahrimanischen Wesenheit hinneigende Wesen die Oberhand haben, so wie wenn ein Waagebalken in schiefer Lage zur Ruhe kommt, nicht mehr schwankt, weil etwas hinunterzerrt. Das würde die Wirklichkeit sein, die dem Sinnen, der denkenden Betätigung entspricht.
Dasjenige, was der Mensch im gewöhnlichen sinnenfälligen Dasein Denken nennt, das ist nur ein Majagebilde, das ist nur eine Illusion. Dasjenige, was Denken in Wirklichkeit ist, müssen Sie kosmisch so schildern, daß Sie nach der ganzen Lage des Menschen, wie er dann im Kosmos drinnensteht, fragen. Und diese Lage des Menschen, wie er im Kosmos drinnensteht, die Ihnen Antwort gibt, was gewisse Wesenheiten der geistigen Welt tun, die antwortet Ihnen auch darauf, was denkende Betätigung, was Sinnen ist. Also es ist im Grunde genommen eine Illusion, wenn wir das Denken so schildern, wie wir es im gewöhnlichen Leben schildern. Wir müßten, wenn wir es der Wirklichkeit gemäß schildern wollten, sagen: Wir befinden uns in einer solchen Region, in der in unserem Denkraum die Gedanken dadurch zustande kommen, daß gewisse zum Ahrimanischen hinneigende Wesenheiten die Waagschale gehoben haben auf der einen Seite. Das ist der wirkliche Vorgang.
Betrachten wir einen anderen Vorgang im menschlichen GeistSeelenleben: Daß wir handeln, nicht toben, sondern handeln, daß also unsere Handlungen von Absichten, das heißt, von Gedanken durchzogen sind. So wie man das im gewöhnlichen Leben beschreibt, es sich im gewöhnlichen Leben vorstellt, ist es wiederum eine bloße Illusion. Denn auch wenn wir handelnd sind, versetzen wir uns in eine gewisse kosmische Region. Da ist es aber jetzt so, daß in dieser kosmischen Region gewisse Wesenheiten, welche zum luziferischen Wesen hinneigen, die Waagschale in dem andern Sinne zum Steigen bringen, so daß wir dann den kosmischen Waagebalken so zu zeichnen haben (siehe Zeichnung, rot), und die Richtung, in welcher von der ruhigen Lage abweichend diese Wesenheiten den Waagebalken heben, würde durch diesen Pfeil angedeutet werden. Wir sind, indem wir mit Absicht, also wollend, wirklich wollend handeln, dann in einer gewissen Region des Kosmos orientiert, in welcher der Waagebalken von gewissen luziferischen Wesenheiten so gehalten wird. Nur ist es jetzt so, daß die Ruhe vorangegangen ist, und eben, indem wir uns in die Region des Handelns versetzen, fangen diese luziferischen Wesenheiten an, den Waagebalken erzittern zu machen; wir versetzen uns dann in eine Art von Kampf, der im Kosmos stattfindet. Die luziferischen Wesenheiten fangen an, gegen ahrimanische Wesenheiten zu kämpfen, und in der labilen Lage, in dem Schwanken des Waagebalkens drückt sich der Kampf aus, der in unserem Wollen sich wirklich abspielt zwischen ahrimanischen und luziferischen Wesenheiten. Das also, was wir im gewöhnlichen Sprechen und im gewöhnlichen Vorstellen als Wollen schildern, das ist nur eine Maja, das ist nur die äußere Illusion. Wir sprechen richtig von dem Wollen, wenn wir sagen: Als wollende Menschen sind wir in einer Region, in welcher eine Hebung stattgefunden hat des Weltenwaagebalkens durch die luziferischen Wesenheiten (siehe Zeichnung, von Stier zu Skorpion gehend); aber diese Hebung, die hat stattgefunden ohne uns. Wir versetzen uns in eine solche Region, wo eine solche Hebung ohne uns stattgefunden hat. Wir suchen eine solche Region auf, und gerade solch eine Region, wo die Ruhe beginnt in Bewegung überzugehen, wo die Ruhe beginnt, in ein rhythmisches Spiel überzugehen.
Ich habe in dem ersten unserer Mysteriendramen angedeutet — dort mußte es natürlich im dramatischen Bilde angedeutet werden —, daß wir uns nicht vorstellen sollen, es ginge, wenn der Mensch seelisch-geistig etwas denkt oder fühlt, nur in ihm etwas vor, sondern Weltenkräfte werden da bewegt. Und bildhaft ist das in dem einen szenischen Bilde so ausgedrückt, daß, während Capesius und Strader sich in einer gewissen Weise verhalten, große kosmische Vorgänge vor sich gehen. Die gehen wirklich vor, wenn auch nicht in der sinnlichen, sondern in der übersinnlichen Welt; in der sinnlichen Welt kann man sie eben nur so versinnlichen, wie es dort in dem Drama versinnlicht ist. Das ist aber dort im Drama ganz deutlich ausgesprochen, daß das Verhalten des Menschen hier, wie wir es schildern, eigentlich nur ein Abglanz ist der Wirklichkeit; daß im Kosmos Bedeutsames vorgeht, wenn der Mensch in seiner Seele das kleinste will oder denkt. Wir können niemals in unserer Seele etwas wollen oder denken, ohne daß wir uns in Regionen versetzen, in denen geistige Kämpfe stattfinden oder geistige Kämpfe zur Ruhe kommen, oder geistige Kämpfe schon ausgefochten worden sind und wir uns in das Ergebnis des Ausfechtens versetzen und so weiter.
Das, was ich Ihnen jetzt geschildert habe, das ist im menschlichen seelisch-geistigen Wesen vorhanden. Nur ist es verborgen vor dem Leben, das der Mensch zwischen Geburt und Tod verlebt; aber es ist die Wahrheit im Geistigen. Ich habe in anderem Zusammenhange in diesen Tagen davon gesprochen, daß der Mensch, indem er mehr intellektualistisch sich zur Welt verhält, wie es in der modernen Welt Sitte ist, eigentlich in Halluzinationen lebt. Im Grunde sind die Vorstellungen, die wir uns bilden über unser Denken, Fühlen und Wollen, Halluzinationen, und die Wirklichkeit, die dahintersteckt, die ist jene, die wir auf diese Weise bildlich veranschaulichen können. In Wirklichkeit steckt hinter unseren geistig-seelischen Vorgängen das eben Geschilderte; es offenbart sich für den Menschen im Abglanz so, daß es ihm erscheint als Denken, Fühlen und Wollen. Und sobald wir den Menschen betrachten, wie er geistig-seelisch ist, findet der Begriff der Entwickelung, der Evolution, keine Anwendung. Es wäre ein völliger Unsinn, wenn man davon sprechen würde, daß zum Beispiel der Mensch erst in einem gewissen Lebensalter sinnig wird, vorher mehr einer tobenden Willensnatur hingegeben ist, und daß sich das eine aus dem andern entwickle. In der geistigen Region entwickelt sich in dieser Weise nichts, sondern wir können nur sagen, wenn wir beim Kinde sehen, daß es anders vorstellt, fühlt und will als der Greis, so ist das Kind eben versetzt in eine andere geistige Region, wo die Kämpfe zwischen den verschiedenen Wesenheiten sich anders abspielen. In dieser geistigen Region findet eine solche Entwickelung nicht statt wie diejenige, von der wir gestern gesprochen haben. In dieser geistigen Region verstehen wir das Vergangene nur, wenn wir sagen, das Kampfbild, das Beziehungsbild, das Bild von denWechselverhältnissen der Wesenheiten, die wir hinter den höheren Hierarchien suchen, dieses Bild ist ein anderes als das Bild, das wir in dem Wechselspiel der Hierarchien haben, wenn wir von der Gegenwart reden. Und wiederum kommt ein anderes Bild heraus, wenn wir von der Zukunft reden. Wir sehen andere Bilder in dem Verhältnisse zwischen den verschiedenen Wesenheiten der Hierarchien an, je nachdem wir Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft ansehen. Und ein Unding wäre es, zu sagen, das Kampfesbild der Zukunft entwickle sich aus dem Kampfesbild der Vergangenheit. Diese Dinge sind in der Region des Geistigen in einer gewissen Beziehung nebeneinander, nicht nacheinander. Daher kann auch nicht von Entwickelung gesprochen werden, sondern nur von einer geistigen Perspektive, worauf ich Sie in anderem Zusammenhange schon aufmerksam gemacht habe. So daß man sagen kann: Wenn wir den Menschen als geistig-seelisches Wesen betrachten, so hat es keinen Sinn, von ihm zu sagen, daß er erst Kind ist, Zahnwechsel durchmacht, daß er dann geschlechtsreif wird und dergleichen. Das, was in der Region des Leiblich-Seelischen als Evolution, als Entwickelung erscheint, das ist gebunden an ein GeistigSeelisches, in dem von Entwickelung nicht gesprochen werden kann, sondern nur von dem Übergehen, im Wechselverhältnis zwischen den Wesen der höheren Hierarchien, von einem Bilde zu einem andern, in diesem Wechselverhältnis also zwischen den Wesen der höheren Hierarchien.
Sie bekommen kein wirkliches Verständnis von dem Verhältnis des Zeitlichen zum Ewigen, wenn Sie das nicht in Betracht ziehen, was ich im Zusammenhange von gestern zu heute auseinandergesetzt habe. Denn in dem Zusammenhange von gestern zu heute habe ich auseinandergesetzt, wie der Mensch als leiblich-seelisches Wesen in der Entwickelung der Zeit so drinnensteht, daß er sogar erst als Greis dasjenige verstehen kann, was sich in ihm abspielt, während er Kind ist: da haben wir es voll zu tun mit dem Begriff der Entwickelung. Wir müssen jedoch anerkennen, daß der Mensch als geistig-seelisches Wesen gar nicht in einer Entwickelung drinnensteht, daß der Begriff der Zeit in der Form, wie wir ihn im äußeren sinnenfälligen Leben kennen, gar nicht anwendbar ist, wenn wir vom geistig-seelischen Wesen des Menschen sprechen, daß wir fehlgehen, wenn wir die Zeit hineintragen in die Sphäre der höheren Hierarchien. In der Sphäre der höheren Hierarchien dauert alles. Da verlaufen die Dinge nicht in der Zeit, da haben wir es nur zu tun mit Perspektiven, in denen wir die Kämpfe und Wechselverhältnisse zu sehen haben. Der Zeitbegriff ist nicht anwendbar auf die Wechselverhältnisse in den höheren Hierarchien, und wir treiben nur eine Verbildlichung des Wesens der höheren Hierarchien, wenn wir den Zeitbegriff anwenden. Daher können Sie in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» verfolgen, wie vorsichtig ich andeute, daß dasjenige natürlich zeitlich im Bilde dargestellt werden muß, namentlich wo ich von der Saturn- und Sonnenzeit rede, wo das so geschildert wird, daß ich eigentlich sehr scharf darauf aufmerksam mache, daß der Zeitbegriff nur bildhaft auf dasjenige angewendet wird, was der Sonnenzeit vorangegangen ist, und noch auf die halbe Sonnenzeit selbst. Sie können das in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft» nachlesen. Solche scheinbar nebensächlichen Bemerkungen in diesem Buche aus der Geisteswissenschaft sind von allerhöchster Wichtigkeit, denn gerade in dieser nebensächlichen Bemerkung liegt die Grundlage für das Verständnis des Unterschiedes zwischen Zeitlich-Vergänglichem und Ewig-Dauerndem.
Wenn Sie das ins Auge fassen, was ich jetzt eben gesagt habe, dann können Sie sagen, ich hätte gestern versucht, Ihnen das Menschenwesen zu schildern rein in der Zeit, und es spielte der Zeitbegriff in der gestrigen Schilderung des Menschenwesens eine sehr, sehr erhebliche Rolle, eine solche Rolle, daß es ja von der Zeit abhängt, ob man ein gewisses Begreifen hat, nämlich von der Zeit, die man durchlebt hat bis zur Greisenhaftigkeit, oder die man noch nicht durchlebt hat, bei der man sich noch in der Kindhaftigkeit befindet. Alles das, was wir gestern auseinandersetzten, war im strengsten Sinne auf den Zeitbegriff gebaut. Da haben wir im Lichte des Geistigen geschildert, was leiblich-seelisch dem Menschenwesen zugrunde liegt. Heute habe ich dasjenige geschildert, was geistig-seelisch dem Menschen zugrunde liegt. Und das kann nur geschildert werden, wenn man es in der Region der Dauer schildert, wenn man es so schildert, daß man — was ja schwierig ist - doch darauf führt, daß auf diese Region, in der wir sind als geistig-seelischer Mensch, der Zeitbegriff gar keine Anwendung hat.
Wir sind also tatsächlich in dieser Beziehung ein zwiespältiges Wesen, und indem wir uns durch das Leben hindurch entwickeln, entwickeln wir uns so, daß wir ruhig und in Geduld auf der einen Seite abwarten müssen, bis unser leiblich-seelisches Wesen reif wird, irgend etwas zu verstehen. Auf der andern Seite stehen wir fortwährend ohne Entwickelung in der Region der Dauer darinnen, wo wir gewissermaßen nur einmal in der Kindheit auf einen Ort in der Region der Dauer blicken, während der Greisenhaftigkeit auf einen andern Ort in der Region der Dauer blicken. Hier auf der Erde ist der Mensch so lebend, daß dasjenige, was sich in der Region der Dauer abspielt, herunterstrahlt in das andere, was sich in der Region der Zeit abspielt; die beiden vermischen sich miteinander.
Die Wissenschaft des Eingeweihten hat die Aufgabe, dasjenige, was sich vermischt, auseinanderzuhalten, denn nur im Auseinanderhalten kann es verständlich werden. Die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten hat immer dasjenige, was in der Region der Dauer ist, das Obere, dasjenige, was in der Region des Vergänglichen ist, das Untere genannt. Aber indem der Mensch hier auf der Erde lebt, ist er für seine Anschauung eine Vermischung des Oberen und des Unteren, und er kann niemals zu irgendeinem Verständnisse seines eigenen Wesens kommen, wenn er dasjenige anschaut, was sich hier vermischt hat; er kann nur zu einem Verständnisse seines Wesens kommen, wenn er die beiden Dinge, die sich vermischen, auseinanderzuhalten versteht. Daher werden Sie es begreiflich finden, daß gegenüber dem Aspekte, den das Erdenleben gibt, Sie im normalen Bewußtsein nicht festhalten können, daß die Dinge so sind, wie ich sie gestern geschildert habe; auch können Sie mit dem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein nicht festhalten, daß die Dinge so sind, wie ich sie heute geschildert habe. Und derjenige, der nur auf das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein bauen will, der kann sagen: Du hast uns ja gestern über den Menschen etwas geschildert, was wir nicht sehen, was gar nicht Wirklichkeit ist, denn der Mensch entwickelt sich nicht so, wie du es gestern geschildert hast; mancher ist in der Jugend schon sehr reif - und so weiter. Das ist aber eine Einwendung vom Standpunkte der Täuschung aus. Die Wirklichkeit ist so, wie ich sie Ihnen gestern und heute geschildert habe, und der Mensch verfällt in der Gegenwart in den Dualismus, weil er das Untere nicht so flüssig sieht, wie ich es gestern dargestellt habe. Der Eingeweihte muß dem Starren, welches das Untere hat, die Starrheit nehmen und es in Fluß bringen. Die gewöhnliche Anschauung sieht den Menschen an, der vor einem steht; der Eingeweihte muß den Vorgang betrachten, der sich abspielt zwischen Geburt und Tod: er muß den Menschen im Flusse sehen.
Und wiederum, indem der Eingeweihte Denken, Fühlen und Wollen betrachtet, das im Flusse ist, muß er den Fluß zum Stillstand bringen, und er muß dasjenige, was dadurch, daß es an den Leib gebunden ist, scheinbar in der Zeit verläuft, in der Region der Dauer schauen, in der Region des Nebeneinander, aber des geistigen Nebeneinander. Die Menschen streben ja nach der Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten, und sie geben auch äußerlich gern zu: Die Umwelt, so wie sie der Mensch beobachtet, die sinnenfällige Umwelt ist eine Maja, eine große Täuschung, eine Illusion. Aber wenn es auf den Ernst ankommt, dann gehen die Menschen doch nicht darauf ein, sondern möchten sowohl die obere Region wie die untere Region mit dem Majabegriff schildern. Man soll hübsch schematisierte Zeichnungen geben, die ganz nach dem Muster der Majavorstellungen gemacht sind, und soll damit in die geistige Welt hinauf- oder hinunterrücken, über oder unter das Bewußtsein. Die Menschen sagen einem: Ja, du schilderst ja nicht so, daß ich begreifen kann. — Aber hinter diesem: Du schilderst ja nicht so, daß ich begreifen kann -, steht nur das: Du forderst mich auf, zu andern Ideen und Vorstellungen zu kommen, als diejenigen sind, die in der Maja sind; du forderst mich auf, zu Vorstellungen zu kommen, die in der Region des Wirklichen sind.
Es kann auch einen andern Einwand geben. Es kann jemand sagen: Ja, was geht mich schließlich das alles an, was da im Unteren vorgeht! Wenn nur der Zeitbegriff im Ernst auf die menschliche Entwickelung angewendet wird, oder wenn man hinblickt auf die Region der Dauer im Leben, kommt man ja ganz gut aus. — So können die Menschen sagen, wenn man in der Maja stehenbleibt, wenn man sich die Begriffe bildet, die gekommen sind von dem Vermischten, und in der Maja stehenbleibt. Ja, zur Not leben, schlafend leben können Sie ja noch, indem Sie nur in der Region der Dauer bleiben. Aber erstens: Sie können mit diesen Begriffen, die Sie sich hier bilden - und wenn sie noch so scharfsinnige Begriffe wären, wenn sie noch so sehr vor den Gelehrten der Gegenwart bestehen könnten -, Sie können mit diesen Begriffen zur Not, aber auch nur zur Not, leben, aber Sie können mit diesen Begriffen nicht sterben. Sterben kann niemand mit diesen Begriffen, die hier gebildet werden. Und da, sobald man dieses Geheimnis streift, beginnt der große Ernst der geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis. Diejenigen Begriffe, die gebildet werden ohne die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten, diese Vorstellungen, die führen nach dem Tode in eine unrechtmäßige, ahrimanische Region. Sie kommen nicht in die Region des Menschlichen, für die sie eigentlich vorbestimmt sind, wenn Sie es verschmähen, Begriffe zu bilden, wie sie die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten gibt.
In früheren Zeiten haben höhere geistige Wesenheiten den atavistisch hellseherisch veranlagten Menschen auf übersinnlichem Wege die Begriffe der Einweihung gelehrt. Daher war - und zwar im wesentlichen bis zum Jahre 333 nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha — für die Menschen eine Art übersinnlicher Unterricht vorhanden, der sie nicht nur geeignet machte zum Leben, sondern auch zum Sterben. Seit diesem Zeitpunkte ist die Notwendigkeit eingetreten, daß der Mensch hier auf der Erde durch seine Anstrengungen, durch sein Begreifen sich zubereitet die Seele, die in der richtigen Weise durch die Pforte des Todes gehen kann. Vor der Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten gibt es nicht leicht einen frivoleren Ausspruch als denjenigen, der da besagt: Man könnte ja warten, bis man eintritt in die Region nach dem Tode, um zu sehen, was es da gibt. - Die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten sagt einem: Wer also wartet, der versündigt sich gegen das Leben. - Denn Sie würden furchtbar erschrecken, wenn Ihnen irgendein Eingeweihter - per impossibile — schildern würde, was Sie für Mißgeburten wären, wenn Sie dieselbe Gesinnung Ihr Leben hindurch zwischen dem Tod und dieser Geburt gehabt hätten, wenn Sie sich da zwischen dem Tod und dieser Geburt hindurch gesagt hätten: Ich warte ab, bis ich auf die Erde hingeboren werde; da werde ich ja sehen, wie das Wesen ist, das dann mit Fleisch überzogen ist, das im Blute lebt. - Da können Sie durch den allerdings wohltätigen Einfluß nicht absehen davon, sich zuzubereiten diejenigen Kräfte, die Sie vor dem Geborenwerden als Mißgeburt bewahren. Da behüten Sie höhere Wesenheiten. Dieses geistige Leben zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt - so sagen die Wesen, die drüben lehren -, das ist nicht bloß da für unsere Region, das ist da, auf daß in der rechtmäßigen Weise vorbereitet werde die Region des Unteren, damit nicht Mißgeburten dort entstehen, sondern wirklich edelgebildete Menschen entstehen.
Aber auch das Leben hier auf der Erde ist nicht allein für die Erde da, sondern es ist da, daß der Mensch auch sterben kann in der richtigen menschlichen Weise. Es muß der Mensch sich hier durch das Aufnehmen von Begriffen der höheren Region seine untere Natur so zubereiten, daß er nicht in eine ahrimanische Region eintritt, die eine unberechtigte ist. Natürlich gibt es auch berechtigte ahrimanische Regionen, aber diese wäre eine unberechtigte, die nicht seinem Menschtum entsprechen würde. Das ist das erste.
Das zweite aber ist dieses, daß Sie zur Not als einzelner Mensch leben können — aber man lebt ja nicht in der Wirklichkeit als einzelner Mensch -, wenn Sie von der Region der Dauer absehen, aber Sie können nicht innerhalb der menschlichen sozialen Ordnung leben. Die menschliche soziale Ordnung ist gelenkt und geleitet von den Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien. Und wenn Sie auch nur die geringfügigste Beziehung eingehen von Mensch zu Mensch - und unser ganzes Leben besteht in Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Mensch — und es fließt dasjenige, was in diese Beziehungen hineinströmt, nicht aus dem Bewußtsein des Drinnenstehens in der geistigen Region, der Region der Dauer, dann verderben Sie das soziale Zusammensein, dann wirken Sie mit an den katastrophalen Erscheinungen, an den Erscheinungen der Zerstörung, der Vernichtung auf dem Erdball. Und eine soziale oder politische Anschauung, welche nicht vom Geistigen ausgehen würde, wirkt vernichtend, zerstörerisch. Lebendig auf das Werdende wirkt nur eine Anschauung, welche mit der Region der Dauer rechnet im politischen, im sozialen, überhaupt im menschlichen Zusammenleben. Das ist die große, ernste Wahrheit, welche durch die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten immer mehr und mehr an die Menschen herantreten muß. Und die Zeichen der Zeit sprechen heute so, daß eben die Zeit abgelaufen ist, in welcher wie bis zum Jahre 333 höhere Wesenheiten übersinnlichen Unterricht erteilten, an dem der Mensch nicht bewußt teilzunehmen brauchte, weil ihm dieser Unterricht zum großen Teil im Schlafe oder im Dämmerzustand erteilt worden ist. Jetzt muß der Mensch das, was er so zu erhalten notwendig hat, als Mensch unter Menschen erfahren. Da muß der Mensch jenen Hochmut einfach ablegen, der ihn veranlaßt zu sagen, daß er sich immer die eigene Überzeugung bilden könne. In der Region der Vergänglichkeit muß er etwas begreifen, wie: daß der alte Mensch dem jungen etwas zu sagen hat, was eben nur der alte Mensch dem jungen sagen kann. Und wenn man schon das begreift, warum sollte nicht auch begriffen werden, daß es eben eine Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten gibt, die man von Mensch zu Mensch aufnimmt. Das ist ja auch ein Ferment des sozialen Lebens, wie es sich in die Zukunft hinein entwickeln muß, daß der Mensch dasjenige, was er in irgendeinem Zeitpunkt - wenn wir jetzt von der Region der Zeit sprechen — nicht selbst erkennen kann, von seinen Mitmenschen aufnimmt. Und ich habe Ihnen gestern ja gesagt: Es ist durch die Entwickelung in der Zeit die Sache so eingerichtet, daß man nicht auf bloßen Autoritätsglauben hin die Dinge aufzunehmen braucht, sondern daß man in dem, was man sich als Vorstellung bildet, schon eine Art von Überzeugung, die auch aus dem eigenen Inneren quillt, haben kann. - Ich habe das in einer ganzen Reihe meiner Bücher betont, daß auf dem Boden der Geisteswissenschaft der Autoritätsglaube nicht blühen soll. Aber das muß sicher sein für alle diejenigen, die wirklich auf dem Boden der Geisteswissenschaft stehen: Man ist nicht eingeweiht dadurch, daß man einfach sich im Sinne der heutigen Zeit wie der Hahn auf den Mist stellt und von seiner eigenen Überzeugung zu krähen beginnt in jedem beliebigen Lebensalter! Damit kann man alle möglichen Programme, von denen man glaubt, daß sie die Welt beherrschen können, aufstellen, aber niemals eine Wissenschaft liefern, welche in das Leben und Walten der Welt wirklich hineinläuft. Immer mehr und mehr wird für das Leben und Walten der Welt die Wissenschaft der Eingeweihten eben notwendig sein.
Gab es in alten Zeiten die Initiation wie ein Denken, das den Menschen gegeben war, gegen die Zukunft hin müssen sich die Menschen zu dem, was durch Initiation in die Welt kommt, mit ihrem vollen eigenen Willen hinwenden. Da widersprechen auch mancherlei Wünsche, unterbewußte Wünsche. Denn nicht leicht kann der Mensch den großen Ernst aufbringen, der nötig ist, um sich in all das, was mit dem Gesagten gefordert ist, in der richtigen Art hineinzuleben.
Es wird einem eigentlich recht schwer, der heutigen Menschheit schon zu sagen, wie sehr sie guten Willens sein muß, weil sie diesen guten Willen oftmals für einen herzlosen Willen hält. Wer so recht eindringt in den Sinn der Geisteswissenschaft, der weiß, daß es, der Zukunft entgegenrückend, keinen anderen Weg gibt, sich Seelensubstanz zu schaffen, die in der richtigen Weise durch die Pforte des Todes gehen kann, die in der richtigen Weise in das soziale Leben der Menschheit sich hineinstellen kann, als das Studium der Geisteswissenschaft, der Einweihung. Man kann sich hineinleben, dann kommt der Kontragedanke: Da steht einer drinnen in diesem Leben und hat Menschen, die er aus irgendwelchem Grunde liebt, und die nichts wissen wollen von dieser großen Anforderung unserer Zeit, von dem SichHinwenden zum spirituellen Leben. Da entsteht der Wunsch in ihm, daß doch auch diese Menschen selig werden sollen, und es kommt ihm herzlos vor, wenn demgegenüber die volle Wahrheit betont wird. Aber derjenige, der auf diesem Gebiete guten Willens ist, der weiß, daß es nicht wirklich guten Willens ist, wenn man die Augen zumacht und sagt: Na ja, die wollen zwar nichts wissen von dem spirituellen Leben, aber sie können auch ohne das selig werden -, sondern wenn man sagt: Es muß eben alle Anstrengung gemacht werden, damit das spirituelle Leben auf die Erde komme. — In dem Positiven liegt dasjenige, was anzustreben ist, gar nicht so sehr in dem Nachgehen den Gedanken, die so innig mit Wünschen zusammenhängen, den Gedanken, wie es nun mit denen steht, die nichts wissen wollen vom spirituellen Leben, sondern in der gutwilligen Hingabe an das spirituelle Leben, in dem Versuch, dieses spirituelle Leben in die Welt hineinzutragen, um die Menschen, wenn ich den Ausdruck gebrauchen darf, zur Seligkeit zu bringen.
Hinter dem, was oftmals «liebevoll» genannt wird, steckt nicht nur Oberflächlichkeit, sondern es steckt auch ein Verkennen der wahren Verhältnisse. Und derjenige, der heute aus der Wissenschaft des Eingeweihten heraus spricht, der spricht nicht etwa nur, um ein theoretisches Erkennen an die Menschenseele heranzubringen, sondern er spricht aus dem warmen Herzen heraus, aus Liebe zur Menschheit, weil er weiß, wie sehr die Zeichen der Zeit dafür sprechen, daß die nächste große Aufgabe die ist, dieses spirituelle Leben an die Menschenseele heranzubringen und in das Leben der Menschen so hineinzuwirken, daß dieses spirituelle Leben an die Menschenseele herankommt. Dazu ist es natürlich notwendig, in einer gewissen mutvollen Art sich der Entwickelung der Menschheit in der Zeit gegenüberzustellen. Die Anschauungen vom Oberen und vom Unteren, die heute herauskommen müssen, die klar durchschaut werden müssen, die müssen auch möglichst an die Menschenseele herangebracht werden.
Wenn Sie das Leben so überschauen, wie es heute vorurteilsvoll illusionistisch überschaut wird, ja, da sprechen Sie nicht von dem Ganzen vom Leben, da sprechen Sie eigentlich nur von einem sehr geringen Teile des Lebens. Ich habe die Probe darauf gemacht. Ich kenne zum Beispiel die verschiedenen Goethe-Biographien, die existieren. Was in diesen Goethe-Biographien steht, gewiß, es gibt Aufschluß über mancherlei, was Goethe getan und getrieben und gedacht und vorgestellt hat zwischen seiner Geburt und seinem Tode. Aber sobald diese Goethe-Seele durch die Pforte des Todes getreten ist, hat das, was in Biographien von dem Standpunkte der gegenwärtigen illusionistischen Weltanschauung aus geschildert wird, nicht die allergeringste Bedeutung für die Region, in welche die Menschenseele eintritt nach dem Tode, und die eine andere Mischung bildet zwischen der Region der Dauer und der Region der Vergänglichkeit. Denn auch diese ist ja vergänglich: der Mensch tritt wieder durch eine neue Geburt ins Dasein. Für diejenige Region, in die der Mensch eintritt durch die Pforte des Todes, kann man mit alledem, was man durch die illusionistische Weltanschauung erkundet, durch die illusionistische Biographie, die das Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod verzeichnet, nichts anfangen. Da entscheidet allein die Frage: Wie hat die Seele zum Kosmos gesprochen? - Was ein Mensch seinen Mitmenschen mitgeteilt hat, und wären es die schönsten Dinge hier auf Erden gewesen, das ist nicht zum Kosmos gesprochen, wenn es nicht selbst aus geistiger Erkenntnis herausgeflossen ist. Aber zum Kosmos ist gesprochen, was Goethe durchlebt hat, wenn man sein Leben so betrachtet, daß man die siebenjährigen Perioden gerade in bezug auf das GoetheLeben schildert. Wie hat sich Goethe von sieben zu sieben Jahren geändert! Wie fiel merkwürdigerweise die große Umkehr seines Lebens in den Ablauf einer siebenjährigen Periode, als er nach Italien ging, oder wenigstens den Beschluß faßte, nach Italien zu gehen! Dasjenige, was sich unter der Region, welche die Biographien im gewöhnlichen Sinne bildet, von sieben zu sieben Jahren abspielt, das spricht in den Kosmos hinein; damit ist auch etwas anzufangen, wenn der Mensch durch die Pforte des Todes getreten ist. Und dasjenige, was Goethe geäußert hat, indem auf ihn gewirkt haben die Wesenheiten aus der Region der Dauer, was so geschildert werden kann, wie ich heute geschildert habe, das hat wiederum eine Beziehung zu der Region, in die man eintritt nach dem Tode. Schildern Sie das Goethe-Leben von dem Gesichtspunkte aus, der sich ergibt aus der gestrigen Betrachtungsweise von sieben zu sieben Jahren: was Goethe gespürt hat, wenn er eine solche Devise geschrieben hat über einzelne Kapitel seiner Werke wie: «Was man in der Jugend wünscht, hat man im Alter die Fülle.» Wer Goethes Leben betrachtet vom Standpunkte der Vergänglichkeit, vom Standpunkte der Entwickelung, und auf ein solches Wort stößt wie das, das Goethe als Motto über das eine Kapitel seiner Werke hingeschrieben hat: «Was man in der Jugend wünscht, hat man im Alter die Fülle», wer mit geisteswissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis an ein solches Wort stößt, er stößt gewissermaßen an den ewigen Goethe. Und wer wiederum mit geisteswissenschaftlicher Gesinnung an irgend etwas bei Goethe stößt, wo hereintönt in das, was Goethe sagt, dasjenige, was aus der Region der Dauer fließt, wo die Hierarchien ihr Wechselspiel verlaufen lassen, der wiederum stößt an dasjenige, was der ewige Goethe ist. Kennenzulernen nicht bloß das Zeitliche in der Welt, sondern das Ewige, das man nur kennenlernen kann auf dem Umwege der Geisteswissenschaft, das ist die Aufgabe, die von der Gegenwart an den Menschen erwächst durch die Entgegennahme der Wissenschaft der Initiation. Dasjenige, was frühere Zeiten darbieten, muß der Mensch der Gegenwart in dem Lichte sehen, das ihm von der Gegenwartswissenschaft der Initiation herkommen kann.
Innerhalb der katholischen Kirche gibt es etwas, was man vergleichen kann mit der Wirkung eines roten Tuches auf ein gewisses Wesen. Wenn derjenige Katholik, der sich heute oftmals für den waschechten hält, irgendeiner Weltanschauung aufmutzen kann, sie wäre eine Weltanschauung der «Emanation», sie stellte die Welt vom Gesichtspunkte der Emanation vor, dann ist diese Weltanschauung verurteilt - für ihn selbst vielleicht weniger, aber für die gläubigen Schäfchen sicher, für die er schreibt oder spricht. Man braucht nur einer Weltanschauung anhängen zu können das Prädikat, sie sei eine emanierende! Dieser emanationistischen Weltanschauung stellt derjenige, der sich heute als den waschechten Katholiken glaubt, entgegen die kreationistische Weltanschauung, die Weltanschauung der Schöpfung aus dem Nichts, die Erschaffung aus dem Nichts. Und man stellt - wiederum in dualistischer Weise - die wie das rote Tuch wirkende emanationistische Weltanschauung auf der einen Seite hin, die kreationistische Weltanschauung, die Schöpfung aus dem Nichts, auf der andern Seite. Die kreationistische Weltanschauung nimmt man an, die emanationistische weist man ab. Der Emanationismus ist insbesondere dasjenige, was auf dem Umwege durch die Gnosis im Abendlande bekanntgeworden ist. So wie er im Abendlande bekanntgeworden ist — die Literatur, die zugrunde liegt, ist ja zum größten Teile vernichtet worden -, so ist dieser Emanationismus schon eine Art von Zerrbild; und weil im Grunde genommen auf katholischer Seite nur das Zerrbild gekannt wird, so entsteht das große Mißverständnis. Denn was man da kennt als Emanationslehre, als Hervorgehen des einen Äon aus dem andern Äon, wo immer der weniger vollkommene oder der weniger hohe Äon aus dem vollkommeneren Äon hervorgeht, das, was gewöhnlich äußerlich-exoterisch als die Gnosis geschildert wird, ist eigentlich schon eine korrumpierte Sache. Das weist zurück auf eine Weltanschauung, die ganz anderer Natur war, und die insbesondere für die alten Zeiten, in denen noch die geistigen Lehrer aus dem Übersinnlichen selbst die Menschen gelehrt haben, möglich war; es weist zurück der Emanationismus, der eben, wie gesagt, schon eine Korruption ist, zurück auf eine Wissenschaft, die eben in alter Form sich bezog auf die Region der Dauer, auf das Obere. Und für dieses Obere kann man in einer gewissen Weise den Emanationismus verteidigen, nicht in der Form, wie man ihn korrumpiert kennt, sondern in der Form, wo eigentlich innerhalb der Emanationslehre nur von einer Perspektive in der Zeit, nicht von einer eigentlichen Entwickelung gesprochen wird. Wo aber, eben weil von einer eigentlichen Entwickelung nicht gesprochen wird, auch nicht von einem Hervorgehen aus dem Nichts gesprochen werden konnte, denn das wäre ja auch eine Entwickelung, wenn auch eine Entwickelung am radikal extremen Punkt, da kann nicht davon gesprochen werden, daß eins aus dem andern hervorgeht, aber so, wie wir - indem wir heute über die Region der Dauer gesprochen haben - auch nicht gesprochen haben von einem Hervorgehen, sondern von einem Wechselverhältnis in den Wesen, denen eben die Dauer eignet.
Wenn man aber wiederum von der Region der Vergänglichkeit spricht, dann kann man allerdings von der Entwickelung sprechen; dann aber auch von dem extremen Fall der Entwickelung, von dem wir im Grunde genommen, implizite, in diesen Tagen sehr viel gesprochen haben. Denn ist es nicht ein fortwährendes Entstehen aus dem, was der Welt gegenüber nichts ist, wenn wir sagen: die gegenwärtigen Ideale sind die Keime der Zukunft, und die gegenwärtigen Realitäten sind die Früchte der Vergangenheit? Dieses richtig angesehen, gibt wiederum den wahren, nicht den korrumpierten Kreationismus. Die Forderung, die heute ergeht an die Menschen, ist diese: Dasjenige, was gemeint war im Emanationismus, im richtigen Lichte zu sehen und es anzuwenden auf die geistig-seelische Welt; dasjenige, was im wahren, nicht im korrumpierten Kreationismus vorgestellt wird, im richtigen Lichte zu sehen und es anzuwenden nicht auf die Schöpfer, sondern auf die Schöpfung, auf das Leiblich-Seelische. In der Anerkennung der Dualität, in dem Durchschauen der Dualität, nicht in dem nebulosen Vermischen des dualistisch Orientierten, liegt die Errettung, die Erlösung der Weltanschauung, richtig zu sehen die Region der Dauer, und richtig zu sehen die Region der Vergänglichkeit, und sie auseinanderhalten zu können. Dann kann man sagen: Beschaue ich die Wirklichkeit, die vor mir steht, so ist sie ein Abglanz, aber zu gleicher Zeit eine Auswirkung, ein Abglanz, indem sie der Region der Vergänglichkeit angehört, von der Evolution beherrscht ist; eine Auswirkung, indem sie der Region der Dauer angehört und von dem beherrscht wird, was man eben bekommt, wenn man in richtiger Weise das sieht, was wir heute für das geistig-seelische Leben charakterisiert haben. Derjenige, der richtig spricht, der sagt nicht, der Kreationismus ist richtig und die Emanation ist falsch, oder die Emanation ist richtig und der Kreationismus ist falsch, sondern der weiß, daß beides notwendige Faktoren sind, um das Volleben zu begreifen. Die Überwindung des Dualismus kann nicht in der Theorie herbeigeführt werden, sondern nur im Leben selber. Derjenige, der theoretisch einen Ausweg sucht zwischen der Region des Oben und der Region des Unten, der Region der Vergänglichkeit und der Region der Dauer, der theoretisch durch Begriffe, durch Vorstellungen, durch Ideen einen Ausgleich sucht, der kommt nicht zu Rande, der wird immer in eine verworrene Weltanschauung hineinkommen, weil er durch den Intellekt dasjenige sucht, was im Leben gesucht werden soll. Im Leben aber sucht man die Wahrheit nur dann, wenn man weiß: Man muß den Blick hinrichten auf der einen Seite in die Region der Dauer und da dasjenige erkennen, was allerdings in der äußeren Wirklichkeit sich nicht darstellt, und dann auch in die Region der Vergänglichkeit, und da auch alle Menschen und alle Wesen so betrachten, wie es eigentlich der äußeren Wirklichkeit widerspricht. Aber wenn man ausgerüstet mit beidem ist und entgegentritt irgendeinem Wirklichen, dann fließt es, indem man dieses Wirkliche erlebt, es erlebend erschaut, aus den Elementen zusammen, aus denen es selber entstanden ist: aus der Auswirkung der Region der Dauer und dem Abglanz der Region der Vergänglichkeit. Dadurch ergreift man es im Leben, wenn man nicht eine theoretische Weltanschauung haben will, die in Begriffen, in Ideen sich auslebt, sondern wenn man zwei Weltanschauungen haben will: die eine für die Region des Geistig-Seelischen, die andere für die Region des Leiblich-Seelischen, und in dem lebendigen Zusammenleben der beiden Weltanschauungen, nicht in einer Theorie dasjenige haben will, was das Leben nährt und befruchtet. Dann kommt man allein aus dem Dualismus heraus,
Das ist es, was als eine Forderung an die Menschheit der Gegenwart herantritt. Nicht darum handelt es sich, daß Religionsstifter auftreten, welche den Menschen Spiritualismus lehren, nicht darauf kommt es an, daß auf der andern Seite irgendwelche wissenschaftlichen Sektenstifter auftreten, die den Menschen Materialismus lehren; sondern darauf kommt es an, daß man die Materie materiell in der Evolution, das Geistige immateriell, spirituell begreift in der Region der Dauer, und die Wirklichkeit aus diesem zusammen ansieht. Das Materielle beleuchten lassen vom Geistigen, das Geistige erhärten lassen vom Materiellen, das ist dasjenige, was in die Weltanschauung der Zukunft einfließen muß. Nicht darauf kommt es an, daß Philosophen auftreten, welche den Menschen Definitionen der Wahrheit geben, oder auf der andern Seite Definitionen auch geben von dem, was die Wissenschaft lehrt, um in theoretischer Weise einen sogenannten monistischen Einklang zu stiften, sondern darauf kommt es an, daß der Dualismus zwischen Wahrheit und Wissenschaft erkannt werde, und im lebendigen Leben das Verhältnis gesucht werde zwischen Wahrheit und Wissenschaft, um so zu einer lebendigen, nicht zu einer theoretischen Erkenntnistheorie zu kommen. Nicht Wahrheit oder Wissenschaft, sondern sowohl Wahrheit wie Wissenschaft: die Wissenschaft getragen von dem Gewichte der Wahrheit, das Gewicht der Wahrheit durchleuchtet von dem Lichte der Wissenschaft, anerkennend, daß der Mensch dualistisch in der Welt drinnensteht und erst in seinem Leben, in seinem Werden überwinden kann dasjenige, was als Dualistisches zu überwinden ist. Nicht Kantianismus, der da glaubt, daß dasjenige, was in der äußeren Welt lebt, nicht das «Ding an sich» darbietet, sondern Wahrheit und Wissenschaft ist die Aufgabe der Menschheit der Zukunft auch auf denkerischem Gebiete, das heißt, die Anerkennung, daß allerdings dasjenige, was um uns herum ist, Maja ist, aber Maja ist dadurch, daß wir uns als Mensch in dieser Weise in die Welt hineinstellen, und daß wir, solange wir uns so hineinstellen, dualistisch hineingestellt sind. Wir machen durch dieses unser Hineinstellen die Maja, und überwinden, indem wir selber lebendig werden, diese Maja im Leben, nicht in der Idee, nicht in der Theorie.
Das ist ja auch der Inhalt meines kleinen Büchelchens «Wahrheit und Wissenschaft» und meines Buches «Philosophie der Freiheit». Die letztere wird ja in den nächsten Tagen in neuer Auflage wohl auch hier zu bekommen sein. Ich habe einzelne Ergänzungen gemacht, der Text ist gegen früher nicht verändert, aber sehr erheblich um vieles in den verschiedensten Punkten erweitert.
So handelt es sich darum, zu begreifen die Zeichen der Zeit, und aus ihnen heraus das spirituelle Leben auf den verschiedensten Gebieten der menschlichen Betätigung zu pflegen.
Sixth Lecture
Anyone who considers the spiritual and soul life of human beings cannot use many of the ideas that are commonplace, especially in present-day life and in present-day views. One such idea that is useless when it comes to the spiritual and soul life of human beings is, for example, the idea of development, the idea that one thing arises from another, or rather, that one state arises from another. In order not to be misunderstood, I emphasize that I do not wish to say anything about the uselessness of such an idea as development. Yesterday, for example, we made extensive use of the idea of development; but when we speak of the spiritual-soul life of human beings — not the soul-body life — then we cannot use the idea of development. Yesterday we spoke about the soul-physical life as it proceeds between birth and death; there we needed the concept of development. The situation is different when we speak of the spiritual-soul life of the human being. Here, if we speak realistically, other concepts, other ideas come into question than, for example, the idea of development.
The spiritual-soul life of the human being, as we know it within the external, sense-perceptible reality, proceeds, as we know, in thinking, feeling, and willing. Now, if we want to understand the spiritual-soul course of life according to thinking, feeling, and willing in a realistic way, then we must take the following into consideration. In that human beings live in thinking, feeling, and willing, that is, in that they feel something and express what they feel through thoughts, or in that they perceive something from the external world and then express what they perceive in thoughts, or in that they act, that is, put their will into action—in short, in that they live their lives spiritually and soulfully—relationships always come into play that play out between spiritual beings. If one wants to describe the spiritual-soul realm in which humans exist with their souls, one must not shy away from talking about the relationships that exist between spiritual-soul beings.
Let us assume, for example, that humans are more thinking beings. Well, in reality, the activities of thinking, feeling, and willing are never completely separate. When one is thinking and thus forming thoughts, the will is already at work in the act of thinking; in the process, in the act of thinking, the will is at work within. And also, when one wills something, when one carries something out, the thought is at work in what is willed, in what is carried out. It is true that human beings are more thinking and less willing when they think, when they ponder; that they are more willing and less thinking when they act, or even when they give themselves over to some emotional experience. But everything we have just discussed is only a very superficial characteristic of the matter. If we want to grasp the reality of the things we are touching upon, we must speak in a completely different way. We must, for example, focus our attention on the following: I perceive something in the external world; this stimulates me to form ideas about it. I do not act; my will is limited to directing my physicality toward the external world and perceiving the world, stringing thoughts together. So I am more engaged in thinking and perceiving, but in reality this means that I am placing myself in a spiritual realm in which certain spiritual beings that are more inclined toward the Ahrimanic nature have the upper hand. In a sense, I am figuratively speaking sticking my head into a realm in which beings that are more Ahrimanic in nature have the upper hand. So instead of saying what only corresponds to appearances: “I am thinking about something,” I should say, in accordance with reality: “I am active in a spiritual realm in which other spiritual beings, beings that dampen them, so to speak, have the upper hand and, in having this upper hand, keep them in balance, beings that are more inclined toward the Ahrimanic nature.”
When spoken aloud, such a thing makes a vague, indefinite impression at first. But these things cannot be expressed other than vaguely, for they occur in the spiritual realm, and our language is formed for the sensually perceptible reality. However, one can express such things figuratively by, as it were, taking the process out of the human being and placing it more in the cosmic realm. That is why the science of the initiated expresses the fact that is characterized outwardly by saying, “I am thinking about something that has stimulated me,” figuratively in the following way:

Human beings live — as I have described in recent days using the image of the magnetic needle, which points cosmically to the north and south and does not determine its direction from within — cosmically within the cosmos, and they are oriented in the cosmos. He lives in such a way that we can, in a certain sense, grasp his orientation when we say: He is cosmically oriented in such a way that, in a sense, his directions of orientation can change and oscillate according to the signs of the zodiac (see drawing, zodiac). He is alternately oriented toward Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. However, he is also oriented in such a way that a primary assignment takes place, so that, based on this orientation of the zodiac, he is oriented upward with regard to his head nature and downward with regard to his extremities. Therefore, one can say that there is something in this orientation like a balance beam that separates the upper from the lower (see drawing). And what would be the cosmic orientation of the human being — if we were to view him in this way, which I do not wish to do now — if we were to view him as neither thinking nor acting, but simply surrendering himself to the general feeling of life, half asleep and half awake, if he were neither passive nor active, but passive-active, if he were lulling himself through life in this way? Of course, a great deal is going on inside him, but he is unaware of it. But if we wanted to characterize this state — as I said, in which I do not wish you to be at this moment — then we would say that the balance beam is horizontal (see drawing). But if we wanted to characterize the person as being in a state of mind that I would like you to be in right now, for example: pensive, stimulated, and receptive to what is being said, then we would have to draw the balance beam differently, and we would have to say: All the souls sitting here, or at least a number of the souls sitting here, are transporting themselves to a region where certain beings are lifting the beam of the scales on one side. In physical life, when the scales are set in motion by some excess weight, one would say that the beam of the scales is lowering. But we are now talking about the spiritual realm, so we must say that the beam of the scales is rising. So when the human being is in the “sensory” state, certain beings in the region to which he then transports himself raise the beam of the scales in the direction from the scales to Virgo (see drawing, blue); so that I must then draw the beam of the scales in such a way that certain beings who tend toward the Ahrimanic nature raise the beam of the scales in this way: This would be the human being in the sense (see drawing, blue arrow, balance beam from Virgo to Pisces). One might ask: What does it mean when a person is in the sense life? It means that they are using their position as a human being within the entire cosmos in such a way that they are using the forces in which they vibrate to enter a cosmic region in which this state of equilibrium prevails. So you think yourself into thinking; and as you think yourself into thinking, you must think that your—if I may say so—spiritual space, into which you then place yourself, is located in a region where a struggle that has come to rest is taking place: the beings on the left would fight the beings on the right, and vice versa. But while you are thinking, the battle is not there; it has come to rest. However, this rest means that certain beings inclined toward the Ahrimanic entity have the upper hand, just as when a balance beam comes to rest in an inclined position and no longer swings because something is pulling it down. That would be the reality corresponding to thinking, to the activity of the mind.
What human beings call thinking in their ordinary, sensory existence is only a figment of the imagination, only an illusion. What thinking really is, you must describe cosmically, asking about the whole situation of human beings as they stand within the cosmos. And this position of the human being, as he stands within the cosmos, which gives you the answer to what certain beings of the spiritual world do, also answers you as to what thinking activity is, what sense perception is. So, it is basically an illusion when we describe thinking as we describe it in ordinary life. If we wanted to describe it in accordance with reality, we would have to say: We find ourselves in a region where, in our thinking space, thoughts come into being because certain beings inclined toward Ahriman have tipped the scales on one side. That is the real process.
Let us consider another process in human soul life: that we act, not rage, but act, that our actions are permeated by intentions, that is, by thoughts. As this is described in ordinary life, as it is imagined in ordinary life, it is again a mere illusion. For even when we are acting, we place ourselves in a certain cosmic region. But now it is the case that in this cosmic region certain beings, which are inclined toward the Luciferic being, cause the scales to rise in the other sense, so that we then have to draw the cosmic balance beam as shown (see drawing, red), and the direction in which these beings lift the balance beam from its resting position would be indicated by this arrow. When we act deliberately, that is, when we act with intention, with real will, we are then oriented in a certain region of the cosmos in which the balance beam is held by certain Luciferic beings. But now it is so that rest has preceded, and precisely when we place ourselves in the region of action, these Luciferic beings begin to make the balance beam tremble; we then place ourselves in a kind of struggle that takes place in the cosmos. The Luciferic beings begin to fight against the Ahrimanic beings, and in the unstable situation, in the swaying of the scales, the battle that is really taking place in our will between the Ahrimanic and Luciferic beings is expressed. So what we describe in ordinary speech and in ordinary imagination as will is only a maya, only an outer illusion. We speak correctly of will when we say: as willing human beings, we are in a region where the scales of the world have been raised by the Luciferic beings (see drawing, moving from Taurus to Scorpio); but this raising took place without us. We place ourselves in a region where such a raising took place without us. We seek out such a region, and precisely such a region where rest begins to turn into movement, where rest begins to turn into a rhythmic play.In the first of our Mystery Dramas, I indicated — there it had to be indicated in dramatic form, of course — that we should not imagine that when a human being thinks or feels something in his soul and spirit, something is happening only within him, but that world forces are being moved. This is expressed figuratively in one scene in such a way that while Capesius and Strader behave in a certain way, great cosmic processes are taking place. These processes are really taking place, though not in the sensory world, but in the supersensible world; in the sensory world, they can only be sensorialized in the way they are sensorialized in the drama. But it is made very clear in the drama that the behavior of human beings here, as we describe it, is actually only a reflection of reality; that something significant is happening in the cosmos when a human being wants or thinks the smallest thing in his soul. We can never want or think anything in our souls without transporting ourselves into regions where spiritual battles are taking place or coming to rest, or where spiritual battles have already been fought and we transport ourselves into the result of the battle, and so on.
What I have now described to you is present in the human soul-spiritual being. It is only hidden from the life that human beings live between birth and death, but it is the truth in the spiritual realm. I have spoken about this in another context recently, that human beings, by relating to the world in a more intellectual way, as is customary in the modern world, actually live in hallucinations. Basically, the ideas we form about our thinking, feeling, and willing are hallucinations, and the reality behind them is what we can illustrate in this way. In reality, what lies behind our mental and spiritual processes is what has just been described; it reveals itself to humans in a reflection that appears to them as thinking, feeling, and willing. And as soon as we look at human beings as spiritual and soul beings, the concept of development or evolution has no application. It would be complete nonsense to say, for example, that human beings only become sensible at a certain age, that before that they are more given over to a raging will, and that one develops from the other. Nothing develops in this way in the spiritual realm. We can only say that when we see a child imagining, feeling, and willing differently than an old person, the child has simply been transferred to a different spiritual realm where the struggles between different beings take place differently. In this spiritual realm, there is no development such as the one we spoke about yesterday. In this spiritual realm, we understand the past only when we say that the image of the struggle, the image of the relationships, the image of the changing relationships between the beings that we seek behind the higher hierarchies, is different from the image we have in the interplay of the hierarchies when we speak of the present. And again, a different image emerges when we speak of the future. We see different images in the relationships between the various beings of the hierarchies, depending on whether we look at the past, the present, or the future. And it would be absurd to say that the image of struggle in the future develops from the image of struggle in the past. In the spiritual realm, these things exist side by side in a certain relationship, not one after the other. Therefore, we cannot speak of development, but only of a spiritual perspective, to which I have already drawn your attention in another context. So we can say that when we consider human beings as spiritual-soul beings, it makes no sense to say that they are first children, that they go through tooth replacement, that they then reach sexual maturity, and so on. What appears in the physical-soul realm as evolution, as development, is bound to a spiritual-soul realm in which one cannot speak of development, but only of transition, in the interrelationship between the beings of the higher hierarchies, from one image to another, in this interrelationship between the beings of the higher hierarchies.
You cannot really understand the relationship between the temporal and the eternal if you do not take into account what I explained yesterday in relation to today. For in the connection between yesterday and today, I explained how human beings, as physical and soul beings, are so involved in the development of time that they can only understand what is happening within them when they are old, whereas when they are children, we are fully occupied with the concept of development. However, we must acknowledge that human beings, as spiritual-soul beings, are not at all involved in development, that the concept of time in the form in which we know it in external, sense-perceptible life is not at all applicable when we speak of the spiritual-soul nature of human beings, that we are mistaken when we carry time into the sphere of the higher hierarchies. In the sphere of the higher hierarchies, everything lasts. Things do not pass in time; we are only dealing with perspectives in which we see the struggles and interrelationships. The concept of time is not applicable to the interrelationships in the higher hierarchies, and we are only creating a picture of the nature of the higher hierarchies when we apply the concept of time. Therefore, in my “Outline of Secret Science,” you can see how carefully I indicate that this must of course be represented temporally in the picture, especially where I speak of Saturn time and Sun time, where this is described in such a way that I actually point out very sharply that the concept of time is only applied figuratively to what preceded Sun time, and even to half of solar time itself. You can read about this in my “Secret Science.” Such seemingly incidental remarks in this book on spiritual science are of the utmost importance, for it is precisely in these incidental remarks that the basis for understanding the difference between the temporal and the eternal lies.If you consider what I have just said, you can say that yesterday I tried to describe the human being purely in terms of time, and the concept of time played a very, very significant role in yesterday's description of the human being, such a role that it depends on time whether one has a certain understanding, namely on the time one has lived through until old age, or the time one has not yet lived through, when one is still in childhood. Everything we discussed yesterday was, in the strictest sense, based on the concept of time. We described, in the light of the spiritual, what lies at the foundation of the human being in terms of body and soul. Today I have described what underlies the human being spiritually and soulfully. And this can only be described if one describes it in the realm of duration, if one describes it in such a way that one leads — which is difficult — to the conclusion that in this realm in which we are as spiritual and soulful human beings, the concept of time has no application whatsoever.
So in this respect we are indeed a dualistic being, and as we develop through life, we develop in such a way that, on the one hand, we must wait calmly and patiently until our physical and soul being is mature enough to understand anything. On the other hand, we stand continually without development in the region of duration, where we look, as it were, only once in childhood at one place in the region of duration, and in old age at another place in the region of duration. Here on earth, human beings live in such a way that what takes place in the region of duration radiates down into what takes place in the region of time; the two mix together.
The science of the initiated has the task of keeping apart that which mixes, for only by keeping it apart can it become understandable. The science of the initiated has always called that which is in the region of duration the upper, and that which is in the region of transience the lower. But because human beings live here on earth, their perception is a mixture of the upper and the lower, and they can never come to any understanding of their own nature by looking at what has been mixed together here; they can only come to an understanding of their nature if they understand how to keep the two things that are mixed together separate. Therefore, you will find it understandable that, in relation to the aspects of earthly life, you cannot hold fast in normal consciousness to the view that things are as I described them yesterday; nor can you hold fast in ordinary consciousness to the view that things are as I have described them today. And those who want to rely solely on ordinary consciousness can say: Yesterday you described something about human beings that we cannot see, that is not real, because human beings do not develop in the way you described yesterday; some are already very mature in their youth — and so on. But that is an objection from the standpoint of delusion. Reality is as I described it to you yesterday and today, and human beings fall into dualism in the present because they do not see the lower realm as fluid as I described it yesterday. The initiate must remove the rigidity from the lower realm and bring it into flux. The ordinary view looks at the person standing before you; the initiate must look at the process that takes place between birth and death: he must see the human being in flux.
And again, by observing the thinking, feeling, and willing that is in the flow, the initiate must bring the flow to a standstill, and he must see that which, because it is bound to the body, appears to pass in time, in the region of duration, in the region of coexistence, but of spiritual coexistence. People strive for the science of the initiates, and they also readily admit outwardly: The environment as observed by humans, the environment that is perceptible to the senses, is a maya, a great deception, an illusion. But when it comes down to it, people do not accept this, but want to describe both the upper region and the lower region with the concept of maya. One is supposed to provide nicely schematized drawings, made entirely according to the pattern of Maya conceptions, and with these one is supposed to move up or down into the spiritual world, above or below consciousness. People say to you: Yes, you don't describe it in a way that I can understand. — But behind this: You don't describe it in a way that I can understand — there is only this: You are asking me to come up with ideas and concepts other than those that are in Maya; you are asking me to come up with concepts that are in the realm of reality.
There may also be another objection. Someone may say: Yes, but what does all that going on below have to do with me? If only the concept of time is seriously applied to human development, or if one looks at the region of duration in life, one gets along quite well. People can say that if they remain in Maya, if they form concepts that have come from a mixture of things and remain in Maya. Yes, you can still live, sleep your life away, by remaining only in the realm of duration. But first of all, with the concepts you form here—no matter how astute they may be, no matter how well they stand up to the scholars of the present day—you can live, if necessary, but only if necessary. You cannot die with these concepts. No one can die with the concepts formed here. And there, as soon as one touches upon this secret, the great seriousness of spiritual scientific knowledge begins. Those concepts that are formed without the science of the initiated, those ideas, lead after death into an illegitimate, Ahrimanic region. They do not enter the region of humanity for which they are actually intended if you spurn the concepts provided by the science of the initiated.
In earlier times, higher spiritual beings taught the concepts of initiation to people with an atavistic clairvoyant disposition through supersensible means. Therefore, until 333 AD, after the Mystery of Golgotha, there was a kind of supersensible teaching available to human beings that made them fit not only for life but also for death. Since that time, it has become necessary for human beings here on earth to prepare themselves through their own efforts and understanding so that their souls can pass through the gate of death in the right way. In the face of the science of the initiated, there is hardly a more frivolous statement than the one that says: One could just wait until one enters the region after death to see what is there. The science of the initiated tells us that those who wait are sinning against life. For you would be terribly frightened if some initiate were to describe to you — per impossibile — what monstrosities you would be if you had had the same attitude throughout your life between death and this birth, if you had said to yourself between death and this birth: I will wait until I am born on earth; then I will see what the being is like that is then covered with flesh and lives in blood. - Then, through the beneficial influence, you cannot refrain from preparing those forces that protect you from being a miscarriage before you are born. Higher beings protect you. This spiritual life between death and a new birth—so say the beings who teach over there—is not only there for our region, it is there so that the lower region may be properly prepared, so that no miscarriages arise there, but truly nobly educated human beings arise.
But life here on earth is not only for the earth; it is also so that human beings can die in the right human way. Through taking in concepts from the higher realm, human beings must prepare their lower nature here so that they do not enter an Ahrimanic realm, which is an unjustified realm. Of course, there are also justified Ahrimanic regions, but this would be an unjustified one that would not correspond to his humanity. That is the first point.
The second point is that you can live as an individual human being if necessary — but in reality you do not live as an individual human being — if you disregard the region of permanence, but you cannot live within the human social order. The human social order is guided and directed by the beings of the higher hierarchies. And if you enter into even the slightest relationship with another human being — and our whole life consists of relationships between human beings — and what flows into these relationships does not flow from the consciousness of standing within the spiritual realm, the realm of duration, then you corrupt social coexistence, then you are contributing to the catastrophic phenomena, to the phenomena of destruction and annihilation on the globe. And a social or political view that does not proceed from the spiritual has a destructive, devastating effect. Only a view that takes into account the realm of permanence in political, social, and indeed all human coexistence has a living effect on what is becoming. This is the great, serious truth which must increasingly come to the fore through the science of the initiated. And the signs of the times today indicate that the time has come when, as until the year 333, higher beings gave supersensible instruction in which human beings did not need to participate consciously, because this instruction was given to them largely in sleep or in a twilight state. Now human beings must experience what they need to receive as human beings among human beings. Human beings must simply abandon the arrogance that causes them to say that they can always form their own convictions. In the realm of transience, they must understand something like this: that the old have something to say to the young that only the old can say to the young. And if one understands this, why should one not also understand that there is a science of the initiated, which is passed on from person to person? This is also a ferment of social life as it must develop in the future, that human beings take from their fellow human beings what they cannot recognize themselves at any given moment—if we are now speaking of the realm of time. And I told you yesterday: through development over time, things have been arranged in such a way that one does not need to accept things on mere authority, but that one can already have a kind of conviction that springs from one's own inner being in what one forms as an idea. I have emphasized this in a whole series of my books, that belief in authority should not flourish on the ground of spiritual science. But it must be clear to all those who really stand on the ground of spiritual science: one is not initiated by simply standing on the dung heap like the cock of today and crowing from one's own conviction at any age! With that, one can set up all kinds of programs that one believes can rule the world, but one will never deliver a science that truly runs into the life and workings of the world. More and more, the science of the initiated will be necessary for the life and workings of the world.
In ancient times, there was initiation as a way of thinking that was given to human beings. In the future, however, human beings must turn toward what comes into the world through initiation with their full will. This is contradicted by various desires, including subconscious desires. For it is not easy for human beings to muster the great seriousness that is necessary to live in the right way into all that is required by what has been said.
It is actually quite difficult to tell people today how much good will they need to have, because they often consider good will to be heartless will. Anyone who really penetrates the meaning of spiritual science knows that, as we face the future, there is no other way to create soul substance that can pass through the gate of death in the right way, that can enter into the social life of humanity in the right way, than through the study of spiritual science, through initiation. One can empathize with this, but then the counterthought arises: Here is someone in this life who has people whom he loves for whatever reason, and who want to know nothing about this great demand of our time, about turning toward spiritual life. The desire arises in him that these people should also be saved, and it seems heartless to him when the full truth is emphasized in contrast. But those who are of good will in this area know that it is not really good will to close one's eyes and say, “Well, they don't want to know anything about spiritual life, but they can be happy without it.” Rather, one must say, “Every effort must be made to bring spiritual life to earth.” The positive aspect lies in what what we should strive for, not so much in pursuing thoughts that are so closely connected with desires, thoughts about how things are with those who want to know nothing about spiritual life, but in the well-wishing devotion to spiritual life, in the attempt to carry this spiritual life into the world in order to bring people, if I may use the expression, to bliss.
Behind what is often called “loving” lies not only superficiality, but also a misunderstanding of the true circumstances. And those who speak today from the science of the initiated do not speak merely to bring theoretical knowledge to the human soul, but speak from a warm heart, out of love for humanity, because they know how much the signs of the times indicate that the next great task is to bring this spiritual life to the human soul and to work into human life in such a way that this spiritual life reaches the human soul. To do this, it is of course necessary to face the development of humanity in time with a certain courage. The views of the higher and the lower, which must emerge today, which must be clearly understood, must also be brought as close as possible to the human soul.
If you look at life as it is viewed today, with prejudice and illusion, then you are not talking about the whole of life, but only about a very small part of it. I have tested this. For example, I am familiar with the various biographies of Goethe that exist. What is written in these biographies certainly provides information about many things that Goethe did, pursued, thought, and imagined between his birth and his death. But as soon as Goethe's soul has passed through the gates of death, what is described in biographies from the standpoint of the present illusionistic worldview has not the slightest significance for the region into which the human soul enters after death, which forms a different mixture between the region of permanence and the region of transience. For this too is transitory: man enters existence again through a new birth. For the region into which man enters through the gate of death, one can do nothing with all that one has learned through the illusory worldview, through the illusory biography that records life between birth and death. The only question that matters is: How did the soul speak to the cosmos? What a human being has communicated to his fellow human beings, even if it were the most beautiful things here on earth, is not spoken to the cosmos unless it has flowed from spiritual knowledge. But what Goethe experienced is spoken to the cosmos if one considers his life in such a way that one describes the seven-year periods precisely in relation to Goethe's life. How Goethe changed from seven to seven years of age! How strangely the great turning point in his life fell within a seven-year period when he went to Italy, or at least made the decision to go to Italy! What takes place between the ages of seven and seven, in the region that biographies in the ordinary sense describe, speaks into the cosmos; and this is also something to be reckoned with when a person has passed through the gate of death. And what Goethe expressed, influenced by the beings from the region of duration, which can be described as I have described today, has in turn a relationship to the region into which one enters after death. Describe Goethe's life from the perspective that emerges from yesterday's consideration of seven to seven years: what Goethe felt when he wrote such a motto about individual chapters of his works, such as: “What one desires in youth, one has in abundance in old age.” Anyone who looks at Goethe's life from the point of view of transience, from the point of view of development, and comes across a phrase such as the one Goethe wrote as a motto above one chapter of his works: “What one desires in youth, one has in abundance in old age,” anyone who comes across such a phrase with spiritual scientific insight comes across, in a sense, the eternal Goethe. And anyone who, with a spiritual scientific attitude, encounters anything in Goethe where what flows from the realm of permanence, where hierarchies play out their interplay, resounds in what Goethe says, encounters once again what is the eternal Goethe. To get to know not only the temporal in the world, but also the eternal, which can only be known through the detour of spiritual science, is the task that arises for human beings in the present through their acceptance of the science of initiation. What earlier times offer must be seen by people of the present in the light that can come to them from the present science of initiation.
Within the Catholic Church there is something that can be compared to the effect of a red cloth on a certain creature. If a Catholic who today often considers himself to be a true Catholic can come up with any worldview that is a worldview of “emanation,” that presents the world from the point of view of emanation, then this worldview is condemned—perhaps less so for himself, but certainly for the faithful sheep for whom he writes or speaks. One need only be able to label a worldview as emanating! Those who today believe themselves to be true Catholics oppose this emanationist worldview with the creationist worldview, the worldview of creation out of nothing, creation ex nihilo. And once again, in a dualistic manner, the emanationist worldview, which acts like a red rag, is placed on one side, and the creationist worldview, creation out of nothing, on the other. The creationist worldview is accepted, the emanationist one is rejected. Emanationism is particularly what has become known in the West through Gnosticism. As it has become known in the West—the literature on which it is based has been largely destroyed—this emanationism is already a kind of caricature; and because, basically, only the caricature is known on the Catholic side, the great misunderstanding arises. For what is known there as the doctrine of emanation, as the emergence of one Aeon from another, wherever the less perfect or less elevated Aeon emerges from the more perfect Aeon, what is usually described externally and exoterically as Gnosis, is actually already a corrupted thing. This points back to a worldview that was of a completely different nature and was possible especially in ancient times, when spiritual teachers from the supersensible realm themselves taught human beings. Emanationism, which, as I said, is already a corruption, points back to a science that, in its ancient form, referred to the region of duration, to the higher realm. And for this higher realm, one can defend emanationism in a certain way, not in the corrupted form in which we know it, but in the form where, within the doctrine of emanation, one speaks only of a perspective in time, not of an actual development. But precisely because one does not speak of an actual development, there could also be no talk of emergence from nothing, for that would also be a development, albeit a development at the most radical extreme point, where one cannot speak of one thing emerging from another, but just as we – in speaking today about the region of duration – did not speak of emergence, but of an interrelationship in the beings to which duration is proper.
But when we speak of the realm of transience, then we can indeed speak of development; but then also of the extreme case of development, which we have, in fact, implicitly discussed a great deal these past few days. For is it not a continuous emergence from what is nothing in relation to the world when we say that the present ideals are the seeds of the future and the present realities are the fruits of the past? Viewed correctly, this in turn gives us true, uncorrupted creationism. The demand made of people today is this: To see what was meant in emanationism in the right light and apply it to the spiritual-soul world; to see what is presented in true, not corrupted creationism in the right light and apply it not to the creators, but to creation, to the physical-soul world. In recognizing duality, in seeing through duality, not in the nebulous mixing of the dualistically oriented, lies the salvation, the redemption of the worldview, to see correctly the region of permanence and to see correctly the region of transience, and to be able to distinguish between them. Then one can say: When I look at the reality that stands before me, it is a reflection, but at the same time an effect, a reflection in that it belongs to the realm of transience, which is governed by evolution; an effect in that it belongs to the realm of permanence and is governed by what one obtains when one sees correctly what we have today characterized as spiritual and soul life. Those who speak correctly do not say that creationism is right and emanation is wrong, or that emanation is right and creationism is wrong, but rather they know that both are necessary factors for understanding the whole of life. The overcoming of dualism cannot be brought about in theory, but only in life itself. Those who seek a theoretical way out between the realm of above and the realm of below, the realm of transience and the realm of permanence, those who seek a balance through concepts, through ideas, will not succeed. They will always end up with a confused worldview because they use their intellect to seek what should be sought in life. In life, however, one only seeks the truth when one knows that one must direct one's gaze, on the one hand, to the realm of permanence and recognize there that which does not appear in external reality, and then also to the realm of transience and there also view all human beings and all beings in a way that actually contradicts external reality. But when one is equipped with both and encounters something real, then, as one experiences this real thing, seeing it through experience, it flows together from the elements from which it itself arose: from the effect of the region of permanence and the reflection of the region of transience. In this way, one grasps it in life, if one does not want to have a theoretical worldview that lives out in concepts and ideas, but if one wants to have two worldviews: one for the region of the spiritual-soul, the other for the region of the physical-soul, and in the living coexistence of the two worldviews, not in a theory, one wants to have that which nourishes and fertilizes life. Then one emerges from dualism alone.
This is what is demanded of humanity today. It is not a question of religious founders appearing who teach people spiritualism, nor is it important that, on the other hand, some scientific sect founders appear who teach people materialism; what is important is that we understand matter materially in evolution and the spiritual immaterially in the realm of permanence, and that we view reality from this perspective. Let the material be illuminated by the spiritual, let the spiritual be confirmed by the material—that is what must flow into the worldview of the future. It is not important that philosophers appear who give people definitions of truth, or, on the other hand, give definitions of what science teaches in order to create a so-called monistic harmony in a theoretical way. What is important is that the dualism between truth and science be recognized and that the relationship between truth and science be sought in living life in order to arrive at a living, not a theoretical, theory of knowledge. Not truth or science, but both truth and science: science supported by the weight of truth, the weight of truth illuminated by the light of science, recognizing that man stands dualistically in the world and can only overcome that which is to be overcome as dualistic in his life, in his becoming. Not Kantianism, which believes that what lives in the external world does not present the “thing in itself,” but truth and science are the task of the humanity of the future, also in the realm of thought, that is, the recognition that what is around us is indeed Maya, but Maya is such because we as human beings place ourselves in the world in this way, and that as long as we place ourselves in this way, we are placed in it dualistically. Through this placing of ourselves, we create Maya, and by becoming alive ourselves, we overcome this Maya in life, not in ideas, not in theory.
This is also the content of my little book Truth and Science and my book Philosophy of Freedom. The latter will probably be available here in a new edition in the next few days. I have made a few additions, but the text has not been changed from the previous edition; however, it has been expanded considerably in many different areas.
It is therefore a matter of understanding the signs of the times and, based on them, cultivating spiritual life in the most diverse areas of human activity.